Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, 4550A Thomas Hall, Campus Box 7612, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA,
Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 2015 Apr;99(7):2939-54. doi: 10.1007/s00253-015-6471-y. Epub 2015 Feb 27.
Lignocellulose is a term for plant materials that are composed of matrices of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin. Lignocellulose is a renewable feedstock for many industries. Lignocellulosic materials are used for the production of paper, fuels, and chemicals. Typically, industry focuses on transforming the polysaccharides present in lignocellulose into products resulting in the incomplete use of this resource. The materials that are not completely used make up the underutilized streams of materials that contain cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin. These underutilized streams have potential for conversion into valuable products. Treatment of these lignocellulosic streams with bacteria, which specifically degrade lignocellulose through the action of enzymes, offers a low-energy and low-cost method for biodegradation and bioconversion. This review describes lignocellulosic streams and summarizes different aspects of biological treatments including the bacteria isolated from lignocellulose-containing environments and enzymes which may be used for bioconversion. The chemicals produced during bioconversion can be used for a variety of products including adhesives, plastics, resins, food additives, and petrochemical replacements.
木质纤维素是指由纤维素、半纤维素和木质素组成的植物材料。木质纤维素是许多行业的可再生原料。木质纤维素材料用于生产纸张、燃料和化学品。通常，工业界专注于将木质纤维素中存在的多糖转化为产品，从而导致对这种资源的不完全利用。未被完全利用的材料构成了含有纤维素、半纤维素和木质素的未充分利用的材料流。这些未充分利用的材料流具有转化为有价值产品的潜力。用专门通过酶的作用降解木质纤维素的细菌处理这些木质纤维素流，为生物降解和生物转化提供了一种低能耗和低成本的方法。本文综述了木质纤维素流，并总结了生物处理的不同方面，包括从含木质纤维素的环境中分离出的细菌和可能用于生物转化的酶。生物转化过程中产生的化学品可用于生产各种产品，包括粘合剂、塑料、树脂、食品添加剂和石化替代品。
