Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, College of Engineering and Technology, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, SRM Nagar, Chengalpattu Dist. , Kattankulathur, 603203, Tamil Nadu, India.
Department of Biotechnology, Engineering School of Lorena (EEL), University of São Paulo, Lorena, 12.602.810, Brazil.
Microb Cell Fact. 2021 May 27;20(1):107. doi: 10.1186/s12934-021-01597-0.
Uprising fossil fuel depletion and deterioration of ecological reserves supply have led to the search for alternative renewable and sustainable energy sources and chemicals. Although first generation biorefinery is quite successful commercially in generating bulk of biofuels globally, the food versus fuel debate has necessitated the use of non-edible feedstocks, majorly waste biomass, for second generation production of biofuels and chemicals. A diverse class of microbes and enzymes are being exploited for biofuels production for a series of treatment process, however, the conversion efficiency of wide range of lignocellulosic biomass (LCB) and consolidated way of processing remains challenging. There were lot of research efforts in the past decade to scour for potential microbial candidate. In this context, evolution has developed the gut microbiota of several insects and ruminants that are potential LCB degraders host eco-system to overcome its host nutritional constraints, where LCB processed by microbiomes pretends to be a promising candidate. Synergistic microbial symbionts could make a significant contribution towards recycling the renewable carbon from distinctly abundant recalcitrant LCB. Several studies have assessed the bioprospection of innumerable gut symbionts and their lignocellulolytic enzymes for LCB degradation. Though, some reviews exist on molecular characterization of gut microbes, but none of them has enlightened the microbial community design coupled with various LCB valorization which intensifies the microbial diversity in biofuels application. This review provides a deep insight into the significant breakthroughs attained in enrichment strategy of gut microbial community and its molecular characterization techniques which aids in understanding the holistic microbial community dynamics. Special emphasis is placed on gut microbial role in LCB depolymerization strategies to lignocellulolytic enzymes production and its functional metagenomic data mining eventually generating the sugar platform for biofuels and renewable chemicals production.
由于化石燃料枯竭和生态储备供应恶化，人们一直在寻找替代的可再生和可持续能源及化学品。尽管第一代生物精炼厂在全球范围内生产大量生物燃料方面取得了相当大的商业成功，但粮食与燃料的争论使得人们必须使用非食用原料，主要是废生物质，来生产第二代生物燃料和化学品。为了一系列处理过程，人们正在利用多种微生物和酶来生产生物燃料，然而，广泛的木质纤维素生物质（LCB）的转化效率和综合处理方式仍然具有挑战性。在过去的十年中，人们进行了大量的研究工作来寻找潜在的微生物候选物。在这种情况下，进化已经开发出了几种昆虫和反刍动物的肠道微生物群，它们是潜在的 LCB 降解宿主生态系统，可以克服其宿主的营养限制，其中微生物组处理的 LCB 被认为是一种有前途的候选物。协同共生微生物可以为从丰富的木质纤维素生物质（LCB）中回收可再生碳做出重大贡献。许多研究评估了无数肠道共生体及其木质纤维素降解酶对 LCB 降解的生物勘探。尽管有一些关于肠道微生物的分子特征的综述，但没有一个综述阐明了与各种 LCB 增值相结合的微生物群落设计，这加剧了生物燃料应用中的微生物多样性。本文综述了在肠道微生物群落的富集策略及其分子特征技术方面取得的重大突破，这有助于理解整体微生物群落动态。特别强调了肠道微生物在 LCB 解聚策略、木质纤维素降解酶生产及其功能宏基因组数据挖掘中的作用，最终为生物燃料和可再生化学品的生产提供了糖平台。
