Dent Claire L, Isles Anthony R
Behavioural Genetics Group, MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom; School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom.
Curr Protoc Mouse Biol. 2014 Jun 16;4(2):35-45. doi: 10.1002/9780470942390.mo140015.
Impulsive behavior is a key constituent of many psychiatric illnesses, with maladaptive response control being a feature of disorders such as ADHD, schizophrenia, mania, and addiction. In order to understand the neurological underpinnings of impulsivity, a number of behavioral tasks have been developed for use with animal models. Data from studies with rats and other animals have led to the idea of the existence of dissociable components of impulsivity, which in turn informs studies of human disorders and potentially the development of specific therapies. Increasingly, mouse models are being used to investigate the known genetic contribution to psychiatric disorders in which abnormal response control leads to altered impulsive behaviors. In order to maximize the potential of these mouse models, it is important that researchers take into account the non-unitary nature of response control and impulsivity. In this article, we briefly review the tasks available to behavioral neuroscientists and how these can be used in order to tease apart the contribution of a specific genetic lesion into the discrete aspects of impulsive behavior.
冲动行为是许多精神疾病的关键组成部分，适应不良的反应控制是注意力缺陷多动障碍、精神分裂症、躁狂症和成瘾等疾病的一个特征。为了理解冲动的神经学基础，已经开发了一些行为任务用于动物模型。来自对大鼠和其他动物的研究数据导致了冲动存在可分离成分的观点，这反过来又为人类疾病的研究以及潜在的特定疗法的开发提供了信息。越来越多的小鼠模型被用于研究已知的对精神疾病的遗传贡献，其中异常的反应控制会导致冲动行为改变。为了最大限度地发挥这些小鼠模型的潜力，研究人员考虑反应控制和冲动的非单一性质非常重要。在本文中，我们简要回顾了行为神经科学家可用的任务，以及如何使用这些任务来区分特定基因损伤对冲动行为离散方面的贡献。
