Cianfrone Giancarlo, Mazzei Filippo, Salviati Massimo, Turchetta Rosaria, Orlando Maria Patrizia, Testugini Valeria, Carchiolo Laura, Cianfrone Francesca, Altissimi Giancarlo
Department of Otorhinolayngology, Audiology and Ophtalmology, Unit of Audiology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
Department of Otorhinolayngology, Audiology and Ophtalmology, Unit of Audiology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol. 2015 Jul;124(7):550-60. doi: 10.1177/0003489415570931. Epub 2015 Feb 27.
One of the most debated topics in tinnitus is its standard and practical classification. The most popular classification distinguishes subjective from objective tinnitus. Other classifications are based on different features. On the whole, they seem incomplete, and the diagnostic and therapeutic algorithms are often difficult for practical purposes. The aim of this work is to develop a new diagnostic and therapeutic algorithm.
Our model is based on 10 years of experience. In particular, the starting point is the data retrieved from 212 consecutive patients in our Tinnitus Unit between May and December 2013: We found a clear auditory disorder in 74.5% of the population, muscolo-skeletal disorders and/or trigeminal disease in 57.1%, and psychiatric comorbidities in 43.8%. Different features coexisted in 59.9% of the population.
Following such data we propose the Tinnitus Holistic Simplified Classification, which takes into account the different tinnitogenic mechanisms and the interactions between them. It differentiates tinnitus that arises from: (1) auditory alterations (Auditory Tinnitus), (2) complex auditory-somatosensory interactions (Somatosensory Tinnitus), (3) psychopathological-auditory interactions (Psychopathology-related Tinnitus), and (4) 2 or all of the previous mechanisms (Combined Tinnitus).
In our opinion this classification provides an accurate and easy tailored path to manage tinnitus patients.
耳鸣领域最具争议的话题之一是其标准及实用分类。最常见的分类是将主观性耳鸣与客观性耳鸣区分开来。其他分类则基于不同特征。总体而言,它们似乎并不完整,而且诊断和治疗算法在实际应用中往往存在困难。这项工作的目的是开发一种新的诊断和治疗算法。
我们的模型基于10年的经验。具体而言,起点是从2013年5月至12月期间我们耳鸣科连续收治的212例患者中获取的数据:我们发现74.5%的患者存在明确的听觉障碍,57.1%的患者存在肌肉骨骼疾病和/或三叉神经疾病,43.8%的患者存在精神共病。59.9%的患者存在多种不同特征。
基于这些数据,我们提出了耳鸣整体简化分类法,该分类法考虑了不同的耳鸣诱发机制及其相互作用。它将耳鸣分为以下几种类型:(1)听觉改变引起的耳鸣(听觉性耳鸣),(2)复杂的听觉-躯体感觉相互作用引起的耳鸣(躯体感觉性耳鸣),(3)精神病理-听觉相互作用引起的耳鸣(精神病理相关性耳鸣),以及(4)由上述两种或所有机制引起的耳鸣(混合性耳鸣)。
我们认为这种分类法为耳鸣患者的管理提供了一条准确且易于定制的途径。