Kleinman Kim
Academic Advising Center, Webster University, St. Louis, MO, USA.
Prog Brain Res. 2015;217:3-15. doi: 10.1016/bs.pbr.2014.11.018. Epub 2015 Jan 31.
Finding an evolutionary explanation for the origins of music serves as a rich test of broader ideas on the emergence of mind and the evolution of mental processes. Charles Darwin and Herbert Spencer both offered evolutionary explanations for the origins of music, indicating the importance of the question for these two leading nineteenth-century students of "descent with modification." Their discussion unfolded between the publication of Spencer's "The origin and function of music" in 1857 and Darwin's commentaries on music in The Descent of Man in 1871 with an addendum Spencer offered to his original article in light of Darwin's views. They had conflicting views on the lines of causation, asked differing questions, and had fundamentally different approaches. Their exchange laid the foundation for the discussion among contemporary adaptationists and nonadaptationists and contributed to the thinking of those who argue for Mixed Origins of Music or that it is a Transformative Technology of Mind.
为音乐的起源寻找一种进化论解释，是对关于心智的出现和心理过程进化的更广泛观点的丰富检验。查尔斯·达尔文和赫伯特·斯宾塞都对音乐的起源提出了进化论解释，这表明了这个问题对于这两位19世纪“带有变异的遗传”的主要学者的重要性。他们的讨论始于1857年斯宾塞的《音乐的起源与功能》的发表，以及1871年达尔文在《人类的由来》中对音乐的评论，还有斯宾塞根据达尔文的观点对其原文章所做的附录。他们在因果关系的脉络上存在相互冲突的观点，提出了不同的问题，并且有着根本不同的方法。他们的交流为当代适应论者和非适应论者之间的讨论奠定了基础，并促进了那些主张音乐混合起源或认为它是心智的变革性技术的人的思考。
