Ahalt Cyrus, Bolano Marielle, Wang Emily A, Williams Brie
Ann Intern Med. 2015 Mar 3;162(5):345-52. doi: 10.7326/M14-2161.
Over 20 million Americans are currently or have been incarcerated. Most are from medically underserved populations; 1 in 3 African American men and 1 in 6 Latino men born in 2001 are projected to go to prison during their lifetime. The amount of funding from the National Institutes of Health (NIH) to understand and improve the health of persons involved with the criminal justice system is unknown.
To describe NIH funding for research on the health and health care needs of criminal justice-involved persons.
Review of NIH grants (2008-2012) in the RePORT (Research Portfolio Online Reporting Tools) database.
U.S. criminal justice system.
Criminal justice-involved persons participating in NIH-funded clinical research.
NIH research and training grants awarded, by number, type, research area, institute or center, and dollar amount.
Of more than 250 000 NIH-funded grants, 180 (<0.1%) focused on criminal justice health research. The 3 most common foci were substance use or HIV (64%), mental health (11%), and juvenile health (8%). The National Institute on Drug Abuse and the National Institute of Mental Health funded 78% of all grants. In 2012, the NIH invested $40.9 million in criminal justice health research, or 1.5% of the $2.7 billion health disparities budget for that year.
NIH-supported research that did not explicitly include current or former prisoners but may have relevance to criminal justice health was not included.
Federal funding for research focused on understanding and improving the health of criminal justice-involved persons is small, even compared with the NIH's overall investment in health disparities research. The NIH is well-positioned to transform the care of current and former prisoners by investing in this critical yet overlooked research area.
目前有超过2000万美国人正在服刑或曾经入狱。大多数人来自医疗服务不足的人群；预计2001年出生的非裔美国男性中有三分之一、拉丁裔男性中有六分之一一生会入狱。美国国立卫生研究院（NIH）用于了解和改善涉及刑事司法系统人员健康状况的资金数额尚不清楚。
描述NIH对涉及刑事司法人员的健康及医疗需求研究的资助情况。
对RePORT（研究项目在线报告工具）数据库中NIH资助的项目（2008 - 2012年）进行回顾。
美国刑事司法系统。
参与NIH资助的临床研究的涉及刑事司法人员。
按数量、类型、研究领域、研究所或中心以及金额列出的NIH研究和培训资助。
在超过25万项由NIH资助的项目中，有180项（<0.1%）专注于刑事司法健康研究。最常见的三个重点领域是药物使用或艾滋病毒（64%）、心理健康（11%）和青少年健康（8%）。药物滥用国立研究所和心理健康国立研究所资助了所有项目的78%。2012年，NIH在刑事司法健康研究方面投入了4090万美元，占该年27亿美元健康差异预算的1.5%。
未纳入NIH支持的虽未明确包括现囚犯或曾囚犯但可能与刑事司法健康相关的研究。
即使与NIH在健康差异研究方面的总体投资相比，联邦政府用于专注于了解和改善涉及刑事司法人员健康状况的研究资金也很少。NIH通过投资这一关键但被忽视的研究领域，有能力改变对现囚犯和曾囚犯的护理。
