Wszalek Joseph A, Turkstra Lyn S
Department of Communicative Disorders, University of Wisconsin-Madison.
J Head Trauma Rehabil. 2015 Mar-Apr;30(2):86-93. doi: 10.1097/HTR.0000000000000130.
As many as 30% of incarcerated juveniles have a history of traumatic brain injury (TBI). Moderate or severe TBI is associated with a high risk of impairment in language comprehension and expression, which may have profound effects on juveniles' ability to understand and express themselves in criminal proceedings. In this article, we review common language impairments in youths with TBI and discuss potential effects of these impairments on 3 stages of US criminal proceedings: (1) initial encounter with law enforcement; (2) interrogation and Miranda rights; and (3) competence to undergo trial proceedings. We then describe language assessment tools and procedures that may be helpful in legal contexts. Our aim was to inform clinicians and legal staff working with juvenile defendants with TBI, with the long-term goal of developing empirically based guidelines to ensure that juvenile defendants with TBI can fully and effectively participate in criminal proceedings.
多达30%的被监禁青少年有创伤性脑损伤（TBI）史。中度或重度TBI与语言理解和表达受损的高风险相关，这可能对青少年在刑事诉讼中理解和表达自己的能力产生深远影响。在本文中，我们回顾了患有TBI的青少年常见的语言障碍，并讨论了这些障碍对美国刑事诉讼三个阶段的潜在影响：（1）初次与执法部门接触；（2）审讯和米兰达权利；（3）接受审判程序的能力。然后，我们描述了在法律背景下可能有用的语言评估工具和程序。我们的目的是为与患有TBI的少年被告打交道的临床医生和法律工作人员提供信息，长期目标是制定基于实证的指南，以确保患有TBI的少年被告能够充分有效地参与刑事诉讼。
