Mapua Mwanahamisi I, Qablan Moneeb A, Pomajbíková Kateřina, Petrželková Klára J, Hůzová Zuzana, Rádrová Jana, Votýpka Jan, Todd Angelique, Jirků Milan, Leendertz Fabian H, Lukeš Julius, Neel Cecile, Modrý David
Department of Pathology and Parasitology,University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences,612 42 Brno,Czech Republic.
Health Institute in Ústí nad Labem,Sokolovska 60,Prague 8 180 00,Czech Republic.
Parasitology. 2015 Jun;142(7):890-900. doi: 10.1017/S0031182015000086. Epub 2015 Mar 4.
African great apes are susceptible to infections with several species of Plasmodium, including the predecessor of Plasmodium falciparum. Little is known about the ecology of these pathogens in gorillas. A total of 131 gorilla fecal samples were collected from Dzanga-Sangha Protected Areas to study the diversity and prevalence of Plasmodium species. The effects of sex and age as factors influencing levels of infection with Plasmodium in habituated gorilla groups were assessed. Ninety-five human blood samples from the same locality were also analysed to test for cross-transmission between humans and gorillas. According to a cytB PCR assay 32% of gorilla's fecal samples and 43·1% human individuals were infected with Plasmodium spp. All Laverania species, Plasmodium vivax, and for the first time Plasmodium ovale were identified from gorilla samples. Plasmodium praefalciparum was present only from habituated individuals and P. falciparum was detected from human samples. Although few P. vivax and P. ovale sequences were obtained from gorillas, the evidence for cross-species transmission between humans and gorillas requires more in depth analysis. No association was found between malaria infection and sex, however, younger individuals aged ≤6 years were more susceptible. Switching between two different Plasmodium spp. was observed in three individuals. Prolonged monitoring of Plasmodium infection during various seasons and recording behavioural data is necessary to draw a precise picture about the infection dynamics.
非洲大猩猩易感染多种疟原虫，包括恶性疟原虫的前身。关于这些病原体在大猩猩中的生态学知之甚少。从Dzanga-Sangha保护区总共采集了131份大猩猩粪便样本，以研究疟原虫种类的多样性和流行情况。评估了性别和年龄作为影响习惯化大猩猩群体中疟原虫感染水平的因素的作用。还分析了来自同一地区的95份人类血液样本，以检测人类与大猩猩之间的交叉传播。根据细胞色素B聚合酶链反应分析，32%的大猩猩粪便样本和43.1%的人类个体感染了疟原虫属。从大猩猩样本中鉴定出了所有拉维尼亚属疟原虫、间日疟原虫，首次鉴定出卵形疟原虫。仅在习惯化个体中发现了恶性疟原虫前体，在人类样本中检测到了恶性疟原虫。尽管从大猩猩中获得的间日疟原虫和卵形疟原虫序列很少，但人类与大猩猩之间跨物种传播的证据需要更深入的分析。未发现疟疾感染与性别之间存在关联，然而，年龄≤6岁的较年轻个体更易感染。在三个个体中观察到两种不同疟原虫属之间的转换。在不同季节对疟原虫感染进行长期监测并记录行为数据，对于准确了解感染动态是必要的。
