Buery Julyana Cerqueira, de Alencar Filomena Euridice Carvalho, Duarte Ana Maria Ribeiro de Castro, Loss Ana Carolina, Vicente Creuza Rachel, Ferreira Lucas Mendes, Fux Blima, Medeiros Márcia Melo, Cravo Pedro, Arez Ana Paula, Cerutti Junior Crispim
Unidade de Medicina Tropical, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória 29047-105, Brazil.
Global Health and Tropical Medicine, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 1349-008 Lisboa, Portugal.
Microorganisms. 2021 Jan 8;9(1):132. doi: 10.3390/microorganisms9010132.
In the south and southeast regions of Brazil, cases of malaria occur outside the endemic Amazon region near the Atlantic Forest in some coastal states, where is the recognized parasite. Characteristics of cases and vectors, especially , raise the hypothesis of a zoonosis with simians as reservoirs. The present review aims to report on investigations of the disease over a 23-year period. Two main sources have provided epidemiological data: the behavior of vectors and the genetic and immunological aspects of spp. obtained from humans, simians, and spp. mosquitoes. is the most captured species in the forest canopy and is the recognized vector. The similarity between and and that between and shared between simian and human hosts and the involvement of the same vector in the transmission to both hosts suggest interspecies transfer of the parasites. Finally, recent evidence points to the presence of in a silent cycle, detected only by molecular methods in asymptomatic individuals and . In the context of malaria elimination, it is paramount to assemble data about transmission in such non-endemic low-incidence areas.
在巴西的南部和东南部地区，疟疾病例出现在大西洋沿岸森林附近的一些沿海州，这些地区并非疟疾流行的亚马逊地区，在那里，疟原虫是公认的寄生虫。病例和病媒的特征，尤其是疟原虫的特征，引发了以猿猴为宿主的人畜共患病的假说。本综述旨在报告23年来对该疾病的调查情况。有两个主要来源提供了流行病学数据：疟原虫病媒的行为以及从人类、猿猴和按蚊属蚊子中获得的疟原虫属的遗传和免疫学方面的数据。按蚊是在树冠层捕获最多的物种，也是公认的病媒。在猿猴和人类宿主之间，疟原虫属物种之间以及按蚊属物种之间存在相似性，并且相同的病媒参与了向两个宿主的传播，这表明寄生虫存在种间转移。最后，最近的证据表明，疟原虫在一个隐匿循环中存在，仅通过分子方法在无症状个体和按蚊中检测到。在疟疾消除的背景下，收集此类非流行低发病率地区的传播数据至关重要。
