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PERIODONTAL DISEASE IN PREGNANCY. II. CORRELATION BETWEEN ORAL HYGIENE AND PERIODONTAL CONDTION.妊娠期牙周病。II. 口腔卫生与牙周状况的相关性
Acta Odontol Scand. 1964 Feb;22:121-35. doi: 10.3109/00016356408993968.
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PERIODONTAL DISEASE IN PREGNANCY. I. PREVALENCE AND SEVERITY.妊娠期牙周病。I. 患病率与严重程度。
Acta Odontol Scand. 1963 Dec;21:533-51. doi: 10.3109/00016356309011240.
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THE SIMPLIFIED ORAL HYGIENE INDEX.简化口腔卫生指数
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Chewing sticks: timeless natural toothbrushes for oral cleansing.咀嚼棒：用于口腔清洁的永恒天然牙刷。
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The expected effect on oral health of dental plaque control through mechanical removal.
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Chewing sticks and the oral hygiene habits of the adult Pakistani population.咀嚼棒与成年巴基斯坦人群的口腔卫生习惯
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Periodontal condition and comparison of toothcleaning using chewing sponge, chewing sticks and toothbrushes in 14-year-old schoolchildren in Ghana.
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The use of chewing sticks in preventive oral hygiene.
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传统咀嚼棒（米斯瓦克）在勒克瑙穆斯林学童中作为口腔卫生辅助工具的效果：一项横断面研究。

Efficiency of traditional chewing stick (miswak) as an oral hygiene aid among Muslim school children in Lucknow: A cross-sectional study.

作者信息

Saha Sonali, Mohammad Shafaat, Saha Sabyasachi, Samadi Firoza

机构信息

Senior Lecturer, Department of Pedodontics & Preventive Dentistry, Sardar Patel Postgraduate Institute of Dental and Medical Sciences, Rae Bareilly Road, Lucknow 226 002, Uttar Pradesh, India.

Senior Lecturer, Department of Public Health Dentistry, Sardar Patel Postgraduate Institute of Dental and Medical Sciences, Rae Bareilly Road, Lucknow 226 002, Uttar Pradesh, India.

出版信息

J Oral Biol Craniofac Res. 2012 Sep-Dec;2(3):176-80. doi: 10.1016/j.jobcr.2012.10.009. Epub 2012 Oct 24.

DOI:10.1016/j.jobcr.2012.10.009
PMID:25737862
原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3941275/
Abstract

BACKGROUND

Oral hygiene practices vary from country to country and from culture to culture. 'Miswak' as an oral hygiene aid is a pre-Islamic custom contributed to ritual purity. The beneficial effects of miswak in respect to oral hygiene and dental health are attributed to its mechanical and pharmacological actions.

AIM

The aim of the present study was to assess and compare the oral hygiene status and gingival conditions in Muslim school children of Lucknow city.

MATERIALS & METHOD: Study population comprised of 297 individuals in age group of 12-15 years from residential and non-residential Islamic institutions in Lucknow city. Oral hygiene status was assessed using the Gingival Index (1963), Oral Hygiene Index-Simplified (1964) and Plaque Index (1964).

RESULTS

Statistically significant difference of mean gingival index score was observed among miswak and toothbrush & toothpaste users. Miswak users had lower mean gingival index score. Mean plaque score was lowest among combined users of toothbrush and miswak.

CONCLUSION

Miswak users exhibited a better mean gingival score as compared to toothbrush & toothpaste users, while the mean plaque score was lowest among the combined users of toothbrush and miswak.

摘要

背景

口腔卫生习惯因国家和文化而异。“米斯瓦克”作为一种口腔卫生辅助工具，是一种前伊斯兰习俗，有助于仪式纯洁。米斯瓦克在口腔卫生和牙齿健康方面的有益效果归因于其机械和药理作用。

目的

本研究的目的是评估和比较勒克瑙市穆斯林学童的口腔卫生状况和牙龈状况。

材料与方法

研究人群包括来自勒克瑙市寄宿和非寄宿伊斯兰机构的297名年龄在12至15岁之间的个体。使用牙龈指数（1963年）、简化口腔卫生指数（1964年）和菌斑指数（1964年）评估口腔卫生状况。

结果

在使用米斯瓦克的人群与使用牙刷和牙膏的人群之间，观察到平均牙龈指数得分存在统计学上的显著差异。使用米斯瓦克的人群平均牙龈指数得分较低。在同时使用牙刷和米斯瓦克的人群中，平均菌斑得分最低。

结论

与使用牙刷和牙膏的人群相比，使用米斯瓦克的人群平均牙龈得分更高，而在同时使用牙刷和米斯瓦克的人群中，平均菌斑得分最低。