Rodrigues Susana, Silva Joana, Severo Milton, Inácio Cátia, Padrão Patrícia, Lopes Carla, Carvalho Joana, do Carmo Isabel, Moreira Pedro
Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisbon, Av. Prof. Egas Moniz, Lisbon 1649-028, Portugal.
Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, Porto 4200-465, Portugal.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2015 Mar 2;12(3):2700-17. doi: 10.3390/ijerph120302700.
Dehydration is common among elderly people. The aim of this study was to perform validation analysis of a geriatric dehydration-screening tool (DST) in the assessment of hydration status in elderly people. This tool was based on the DST proposed by Vivanti et al., which is composed by 11 items (four physical signs of dehydration and seven questions about thirst sensation, pain and mobility), with four questions extra about drinking habits. The resulting questionnaire was evaluated in a convenience sample comprising institutionalized (n=29) and community-dwelling (n=74) elderly people. Urinary parameters were assessed (24-h urine osmolality and volume) and free water reserve (FWR) was calculated. Exploratory factor analysis was used to evaluate the scale's dimensionality and Cronbach's alpha was used to measure the reliability of each subscale. Construct's validity was tested using linear regression to estimate the association between scores in each dimension and urinary parameters. Two factors emerged from factor analysis, which were named "Hydration Score" and "Pain Score", and both subscales showed acceptable reliabilities. The "Hydration Score" was negatively associated with 24-h urine osmolality in community-dwelling; and the "Pain Score" was negatively associated with 24-h urine osmolality, and positively associated with 24-h urine volume and FWR in institutionalized elderly people.
脱水在老年人中很常见。本研究的目的是对一种老年脱水筛查工具（DST）在评估老年人水合状态方面进行验证分析。该工具基于Vivanti等人提出的DST，由11项内容组成（四项脱水体征以及七个关于口渴感、疼痛和活动能力的问题），另外还有四个关于饮水习惯的问题。在一个便利样本中对生成的问卷进行了评估，该样本包括机构养老的老年人（n = 29）和社区居家养老的老年人（n = 74）。评估了尿液参数（24小时尿渗透压和尿量）并计算了自由水储备（FWR）。采用探索性因子分析来评估量表的维度，并用Cronbach's α系数来测量每个子量表的信度。使用线性回归来检验结构效度，以估计每个维度的得分与尿液参数之间的关联。因子分析得出两个因子，分别命名为“水合评分”和“疼痛评分”，两个子量表均显示出可接受的信度。在社区居家养老的老年人中，“水合评分”与24小时尿渗透压呈负相关；在机构养老的老年人中，“疼痛评分”与24小时尿渗透压呈负相关，与24小时尿量和自由水储备呈正相关。
