Wong Stephanie, Ning Anne, Lee Carlin, Feeley Brian T
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, 1500 Owens Ave, Box 3004, San Francisco, CA, 94127, USA.
Curr Rev Musculoskelet Med. 2015 Jun;8(2):168-75. doi: 10.1007/s12178-015-9262-2.
Skeletal muscle injuries are among the most common sports-related injuries that result in time lost from practice and competition. The cellular response to muscle injury can often result in changes made to the muscle fibers as well as the surrounding extracellular matrix during repair. This can negatively affect the force and range of the injured muscle even after the patient's return to play. Diagnosis of skeletal muscle injury involves both history and physical examinations; imaging modalities including ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can also be used to assess the extent of injury. Current research is investigating potential methods, including clinical factors and MRI, by which to predict a patient's return to sports. Overall, function of acutely injured muscles seems to improve with time. Current treatment methods for skeletal muscle injuries include injections of steroids, anesthetics, and platelet-rich plasma (PRP). Other proposed methods involve inhibitors of key players in fibrotic pathways, such as transforming growth factor (TGF)-ß and angiotensin II, as well as muscle-derived stem cells.
骨骼肌损伤是最常见的与运动相关的损伤之一，会导致训练和比赛时间的损失。肌肉损伤后的细胞反应通常会在修复过程中导致肌肉纤维以及周围细胞外基质发生变化。即使在患者恢复运动后，这也可能对受伤肌肉的力量和活动范围产生负面影响。骨骼肌损伤的诊断包括病史和体格检查；超声和磁共振成像（MRI）等影像学检查也可用于评估损伤程度。目前的研究正在探索包括临床因素和MRI在内的潜在方法，以预测患者恢复运动的情况。总体而言，急性损伤肌肉的功能似乎会随着时间推移而改善。目前治疗骨骼肌损伤的方法包括注射类固醇、麻醉剂和富含血小板血浆（PRP）。其他提出的方法涉及抑制纤维化途径中的关键因子，如转化生长因子（TGF）-β和血管紧张素II，以及肌肉衍生干细胞。
