Hong Seong-Ho, Park Sung-Jin, Lee Somin, Kim Sanghwa, Cho Myung-Haing
Laboratory of Toxicology, BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research, Research Institute for Veterinary Science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Korea.
J Toxicol Sci. 2015 Feb;40(1):55-69. doi: 10.2131/jts.40.55.
Inorganic phosphate (Pi) plays crucial roles in several biological processes and signaling pathways. Pi uptake is regulated by sodium-dependent phosphate (Na/Pi) transporters (NPTs). Moreover, Pi is used as a food additive in food items such as sausages, crackers, dairy products, and beverages. However, the high serum concentration of phosphate (> 5.5 mg/dL) can cause adverse renal effects, cardiovascular effects including vascular or valvular calcification, and stimulate bone resorption. In addition, Pi can also alter vital cellular signaling, related to cell growth and cap-dependent protein translation. Moreover, intake of dietary Pi, whether high (1.0%) or low (0.1%), affects organs in developing mice, and is related to tumorigenesis in mice. The recommended dietary allowance (RDA) of Pi is the daily dietary intake required to maintain levels above the lower limit of the range of normal serum Pi concentration (2.7 mg/dL) for most individuals (97-98%). Thus, adequate intake of Pi (RDA; 700 mg/day) and maintenance of normal Pi concentration (2.7-4.5 mg/dL) are important for health and prevention of diseases caused by inadequate Pi intake.
无机磷酸盐（Pi）在多种生物过程和信号通路中发挥着关键作用。Pi的摄取由钠依赖性磷酸盐（Na/Pi）转运蛋白（NPTs）调节。此外，Pi还被用作香肠、饼干、乳制品和饮料等食品中的食品添加剂。然而，血清磷酸盐浓度过高（>5.5mg/dL）会对肾脏产生不良影响，引发包括血管或瓣膜钙化在内的心血管效应，并刺激骨吸收。此外，Pi还会改变与细胞生长和帽依赖性蛋白质翻译相关的重要细胞信号。此外，无论高（1.0%）或低（0.1%）的膳食Pi摄入量，都会影响发育中小鼠的器官，并与小鼠的肿瘤发生有关。Pi的推荐膳食摄入量（RDA）是大多数个体（97-98%）维持正常血清Pi浓度范围下限（2.7mg/dL）以上水平所需的每日膳食摄入量。因此，适量摄入Pi（RDA；700mg/天）并维持正常的Pi浓度（2.7-4.5mg/dL）对于健康以及预防因Pi摄入不足引起的疾病很重要。
