Olsho Lauren E W, Klerman Jacob Alex, Ritchie Lorrene, Wakimoto Patricia, Webb Karen L, Bartlett Susan
J Acad Nutr Diet. 2015 Aug;115(8):1283-90. doi: 10.1016/j.jand.2014.12.026. Epub 2015 Mar 3.
Fewer than 10% of US children and adolescents consume the recommended amounts of fruits and vegetables (F/V). The US Department of Agriculture's Fresh Fruit and Vegetable Program (FFVP) is intended to increase child F/V consumption by funding low-income schools to distribute free fresh F/V snacks outside of school mealtimes.
The evaluation assessed FFVP effects on student F/V consumption and total energy intake in and out of school.
The evaluation employed a regression discontinuity design; that is, cross-sectional comparisons of a sample of students in schools just above and just below the FFVP funding cutoff for the program, which depended on the proportion of students eligible for free or reduced-price meals. During the 2010-2011 school year within a randomly selected sample of states, we selected schools in closest proximity to each state-specific FFVP funding cutoff. Interviewers conducted 24-hour diary-assisted recall interviews to assess dietary intake among children in selected schools.
PARTICIPANTS/SETTING: Participants were 4,696 students (grades 4 to 6) from 214 elementary schools in 16 randomly selected states.
Analysis proceeded via multivariate regression, comparing adjusted mean student intake in schools just above and just below the funding cutoff.
Adjusted mean daily F/V intake was one-third of a cup per day higher in FFVP-participating schools than in nonparticipating schools (0.32 cups per day; P<0.001), a difference of 15.5%. This included one-quarter cup higher daily F/V intake during school hours (0.26 cups; P<0.001) among students attending FFVP-participating schools. Fresh (but not total) F/V consumption also increased outside of school.
The FFVP increases child fresh and total F/V intake in school, and fresh F/V intake outside of school.
美国儿童和青少年中，食用推荐量水果和蔬菜（F/V）的人数不到10%。美国农业部的新鲜水果和蔬菜计划（FFVP）旨在通过资助低收入学校在校用餐时间之外分发免费的新鲜F/V零食，来增加儿童对F/V的摄入量。
该评估旨在评估FFVP对学生在校内外F/V摄入量和总能量摄入的影响。
该评估采用了回归断点设计；也就是说，对该计划FFVP资金截止点略高和略低的学校中的学生样本进行横断面比较，该截止点取决于符合免费或减价餐条件的学生比例。在2010 - 2011学年，在随机抽取的州样本中，我们选择了最接近每个州特定FFVP资金截止点的学校。访谈员进行了24小时日记辅助回忆访谈，以评估所选学校儿童的饮食摄入量。
参与者/环境：参与者是来自16个随机选择州的214所小学的4696名学生（4至6年级）。
通过多变量回归进行分析，比较资金截止点略高和略低的学校中调整后的学生平均摄入量。
参与FFVP的学校中，调整后的每日F/V平均摄入量比未参与的学校每天高1/3杯（每天0.32杯；P<0.001），差异为15.5%。这包括参与FFVP学校的学生在校期间每日F/V摄入量高1/4杯（0.26杯；P<0.001）。校外新鲜（但非全部）F/V消费量也有所增加。
FFVP增加了儿童在校内新鲜和总F/V摄入量以及校外新鲜F/V摄入量。
