Morson Suzannah M, Moulin Chris J A, Souchay Céline
Institute of Psychological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom.
LEAD UMR CNRS 5022, Université de Bourgogne, 21065 Dijon, France.
Acta Psychol (Amst). 2015 May;157:85-92. doi: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2015.02.014. Epub 2015 Mar 5.
Failure to recall an item from memory can be accompanied by the subjective experience that the item is known but currently unavailable for report. The feeling of knowing (FOK) task allows measurement of the predictive accuracy of this reflective judgement. Young and older adults were asked to provide answers to general knowledge questions both prior to and after learning, thus measuring both semantic and episodic memory for the items. FOK judgements were made at each stage for all unrecalled responses, providing a measure of predictive accuracy for semantic and episodic knowledge. Results demonstrated a selective effect of age on episodic FOK resolution, with older adults found to have impaired episodic FOK accuracy while semantic FOK accuracy remained intact. Although recall and recognition measures of episodic memory are equivalent between the two age groups, older adults may have been unable to access contextual details on which to base their FOK judgements. The results suggest that older adults are not able to accurately predict future recognition of unrecalled episodic information, and consequently may have difficulties in monitoring recently encoded memories.
无法从记忆中回忆起某个项目可能伴随着一种主观体验，即感觉自己知道这个项目，但目前无法说出。知晓感（FOK）任务可以测量这种反思性判断的预测准确性。研究人员要求年轻人和老年人在学习之前和之后都回答常识性问题，从而测量对这些项目的语义记忆和情景记忆。对所有未回忆起的回答在每个阶段都进行FOK判断，从而提供语义知识和情景知识预测准确性的度量。结果表明，年龄对情景FOK分辨率有选择性影响，发现老年人的情景FOK准确性受损，而语义FOK准确性保持完好。尽管两个年龄组之间情景记忆的回忆和识别测量结果相当，但老年人可能无法获取作为其FOK判断依据的上下文细节。结果表明，老年人无法准确预测对未回忆起的情景信息的未来识别，因此可能在监测最近编码的记忆方面存在困难。
