Villanueva-Millán M J, Pérez-Matute P, Oteo J A
HIV and Associated Metabolic Alterations Unit, Infectious Diseases Department, Center for Biomedical Research of La Rioja (CIBIR), Piqueras 98, 26006, Logroño, La Rioja, Spain.
J Physiol Biochem. 2015 Sep;71(3):509-25. doi: 10.1007/s13105-015-0390-3. Epub 2015 Mar 8.
Gut microbiota, its evolutive dynamics and influence on host through its protective, trophic and metabolic actions, has a key role in health and opens unique opportunities for the identification of new markers of the physiopathological state of each individual. Alterations in gut microbiota composition have been associated with plenty disorders. Of interest, the vast number of studies demonstrates the role of microbiota in obesity, a serious public health problem that has reached epidemic proportions in many developed and middle-income countries. The economic and health costs of this condition and its comorbidities such as fatty liver, insulin resistance/diabetes, or cardiovascular events are considerable. Therefore, every strategy designed to reduce obesity would imply important savings. Targeting microbiota, in order to restore/modulate the microbiota composition with antibiotics, probiotics, prebiotics, or even fecal transplants, is considered as a promising strategy for the development of new solutions for the treatment of obesity. However, there is still lot to do in this field in order to identify the exact composition of microbiota in "health" and the specific mechanisms that regulate the host-microbiotal crosstalk. In addition, it is important to note that changes not only in the gut microbiota profile (abundance) but also in its metabolism and functions need to be taken into account in the context of contribution in the physiopathology of obesity and related disorders.
肠道微生物群及其进化动态，以及通过其保护、营养和代谢作用对宿主产生的影响，在健康方面起着关键作用，并为识别个体生理病理状态的新标志物提供了独特机遇。肠道微生物群组成的改变与多种疾病相关。有趣的是，大量研究表明微生物群在肥胖症中所起的作用，肥胖症是一个严重的公共卫生问题，在许多发达国家和中等收入国家已达到流行程度。这种病症及其合并症（如脂肪肝、胰岛素抵抗/糖尿病或心血管事件）的经济和健康成本相当高昂。因此，旨在减轻肥胖的每一项策略都意味着可观的节省。通过抗生素、益生菌、益生元甚至粪便移植来靶向微生物群，以恢复/调节微生物群组成，被认为是开发肥胖症治疗新方案的一种有前景的策略。然而，为了确定“健康”状态下微生物群的确切组成以及调节宿主 - 微生物群相互作用的具体机制，该领域仍有许多工作要做。此外，需要注意的是，在肥胖症及相关疾病的病理生理学贡献背景下，不仅要考虑肠道微生物群谱（丰度）的变化，还要考虑其代谢和功能的变化。
