Hayes Jeffrey A, Nelson Dana Lea B, Fauth James
Department of Educational Psychology, Counseling, and Special Education, The Pennsylvania State University.
Center for Counseling and Psychological Services, The Pennsylvania State University.
Psychotherapy (Chic). 2015 Mar;52(1):127-33. doi: 10.1037/a0038827.
Countertransference (CT) can provide psychotherapists with important information about relationship dynamics with clients, the therapy process, and clinical decisions. CT also can lead therapists to view clients and sessions inaccurately, feel unduly anxious, and behave in ways that primarily meet their own needs at the expense of clients. In summarizing existing scholarship on CT, Fauth (2006) noted the need for further research on therapists' subjective experiences of CT to enhance current understanding of this pantheoretical construct. To this end, we interviewed 18 therapists about their experiences of CT in a recently terminated case; half of the therapists described CT in a case they judged to be successful, and half described a case they thought was unsuccessful. Interview questions were designed to address the 5 components of CT proposed by Hayes (1995): origins, triggers, manifestations, effects, and management. A grounded theory analysis was conducted and a model describing therapists' experiences of CT in successful and unsuccessful therapy was developed. Implications for practice, training, and research are discussed.
反移情（CT）可以为心理治疗师提供有关与来访者的关系动态、治疗过程及临床决策的重要信息。反移情也可能导致治疗师对来访者及治疗环节产生不准确的看法，感到过度焦虑，并以主要满足自身需求而牺牲来访者利益的方式行事。在总结关于反移情的现有学术成果时，福思（2006）指出，有必要进一步研究治疗师对反移情的主观体验，以加深当前对这一泛理论概念的理解。为此，我们就18位治疗师在近期结束的一个案例中的反移情体验进行了访谈；其中一半治疗师描述了他们认为成功的案例中的反移情，另一半则描述了他们认为不成功的案例。访谈问题旨在探讨海斯（1995）提出的反移情的五个组成部分：起源、触发因素、表现形式、影响及处理方式。我们进行了扎根理论分析，并构建了一个描述治疗师在成功和不成功治疗中反移情体验的模型。同时还讨论了对实践、培训及研究的启示。
