Djachenko Ashleigh, St John Winsome, Mitchell Creina
School of Nursing & Midwifery, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia.
Int J Prison Health. 2015;11(1):39-48. doi: 10.1108/IJPH-10-2014-0035.
The purpose of this paper is to review the available literature relating to smoking cessation (SC) for the male prisoner population.
DESIGN/METHODOLOGY/APPROACH: Databases PubMed, CINAHL and MEDLINE were searched for English language studies from 1990 to 2012. The authors identified 12 papers examining SC in male prisoners. Full-text articles were analysed for inclusion.
A total of 12 studies were identified for inclusion. Four studies focused on forced abstinence (a smoking ban) while the remainder looked at various combinations of nicotine replacement, pharmacology and behavioural techniques. No robust studies were found that examined nursing approaches to SC for the prisoner population. The evidence shows a strong "pro-smoking" culture in prison and that many prisoners continue to smoke irrespective of an enforced ban. However, SC strategies can be successful if implemented systematically and supported by consistent policies.
RESEARCH LIMITATIONS/IMPLICATIONS: Female-only prisoner studies were excluded as females comprise just 7 per cent of the Australian prisoner population. The analysis does not differentiate between maximum- or minimum-security prisons, or length of prison sentence. Results cannot be generalised to other forms of detention such as police custody or immigration detention centres. Studies were not appraised for quality, as exclusion on that basis would render further exploration untenable. The analysis was presented in a narrative rather than meta-analytical format and may be subject to interpretation.
This paper provides a foundation on which to build further research evidence into the smoking behaviour of prisoners. This information can be used to advocate for healthier public policy for a vulnerable and marginalised population.
ORIGINALITY/VALUE: To the authors' knowledge, this is the first literature review into SC interventions in prisons. The authors apply the findings of this literature review to the five strategies for health promotion to propose a population approach to smoking cessation in male prisoners. Recommendations specific to the correctional environment are outlined for consideration by correctional health professionals.
本文旨在综述与男性囚犯戒烟相关的现有文献。
设计/方法/途径：检索了1990年至2012年期间的PubMed、CINAHL和MEDLINE数据库，查找英文研究。作者筛选出12篇探讨男性囚犯戒烟的论文，并对全文进行分析以确定是否纳入。
共确定12项研究纳入分析。4项研究聚焦强制戒烟（禁烟），其余研究则关注尼古丁替代、药理学和行为技术的各种组合。未发现针对囚犯群体戒烟护理方法的有力研究。证据表明监狱中存在强烈的“支持吸烟”文化，许多囚犯不顾禁烟规定继续吸烟。然而，如果系统实施并辅以一致政策，戒烟策略可以取得成功。
研究局限性/启示：仅针对女性囚犯的研究被排除，因为女性仅占澳大利亚囚犯人口的7%。分析未区分最高安全级或最低安全级监狱，也未考虑刑期长短。结果不能推广到其他形式的拘留场所，如警方拘留或移民拘留中心。未对研究质量进行评估，因为基于此排除会使进一步探讨变得不可行。分析以叙述而非元分析形式呈现，可能存在解读差异。
本文为进一步研究囚犯吸烟行为提供了基础。这些信息可用于倡导针对弱势群体和边缘化群体的更健康公共政策。
原创性/价值：据作者所知，这是首次对监狱戒烟干预措施进行的文献综述。作者将本综述结果应用于健康促进的五项策略，提出针对男性囚犯戒烟的人群方法。概述了针对惩教环境的具体建议，供惩教健康专业人员参考。
