Hendrikse J J, Cachia R L, Kothe E J, McPhie S, Skouteris H, Hayden M J
School of Psychology, Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria, Australia.
Obes Rev. 2015 May;16(5):424-32. doi: 10.1111/obr.12265. Epub 2015 Mar 5.
Obesity rates have increased dramatically in recent decades, and it has proven difficult to treat. An attentional bias towards food cues may be implicated in the aetiology of obesity and influence cravings and food consumption. This review systematically investigated whether attentional biases to food cues exist in overweight/obese compared with healthy weight individuals. Electronic database were searched for relevant papers from inception to October 2014. Only studies reporting food-related attentional bias between either overweight (body mass index [BMI] 25.0-29.9 kg m(-2)) or obese (BMI ≥ 30) participants and healthy weight participants (BMI 18.5-24.9) were included. The findings of 19 studies were reported in this review. Results of the literature are suggestive of differences in attentional bias, with all but four studies supporting the notion of enhanced reactivity to food stimuli in overweight individuals and individuals with obesity. This support for attentional bias was observed primarily in studies that employed psychophysiological techniques (i.e. electroencephalogram, eye-tracking and functional magnetic resonance imaging). Despite the heterogeneous methodology within the featured studies, all measures of attentional bias demonstrated altered cue-reactivity in individuals with obesity. Considering the theorized implications of attentional biases on obesity pathology, researchers are encouraged to replicate flagship studies to strengthen these inferences.
近几十年来，肥胖率急剧上升，且已证明难以治疗。对食物线索的注意力偏向可能与肥胖的病因有关，并影响食欲和食物摄入。这篇综述系统地研究了与健康体重个体相比，超重/肥胖个体是否存在对食物线索的注意力偏向。检索了电子数据库中从建库到2014年10月的相关论文。仅纳入了报告超重（体重指数[BMI]25.0-29.9kg/m²）或肥胖（BMI≥30）参与者与健康体重参与者（BMI 18.5-24.9）之间与食物相关的注意力偏向的研究。本综述报告了19项研究的结果。文献结果提示注意力偏向存在差异，除四项研究外，所有研究均支持超重个体和肥胖个体对食物刺激反应性增强的观点。这种对注意力偏向的支持主要在采用心理生理学技术（即脑电图、眼动追踪和功能磁共振成像）的研究中观察到。尽管纳入研究中的方法存在异质性，但所有注意力偏向测量均显示肥胖个体的线索反应性发生了改变。考虑到注意力偏向对肥胖病理的理论影响，鼓励研究人员重复关键研究以加强这些推断。
