Janowski Miroslaw, Bulte Jeff W M, Handa James T, Rini David, Walczak Piotr
Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of MR Research, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
Cellular Imaging Section and Vascular Biology Program, Institute for Cell Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
Stem Cells. 2015 Jul;33(7):2104-13. doi: 10.1002/stem.1984. Epub 2015 May 12.
The prevalence of myopia has increased in modern society due to the educational load of children. This condition is growing rapidly, especially in Asian countries where it has already reached a pandemic level. Typically, the younger the child's age at the onset of myopia, the more rapidly the condition will progress and the greater the likelihood that it will develop the known sight-threatening complications of high myopia. This rise in incidence of severe myopia has contributed to an increased frequency of eye diseases in adulthood, which often complicate therapeutic procedures. Currently, no treatment is available to prevent myopia progression. Stem cell therapy can potentially address two components of myopia. Regardless of the exact etiology, myopia is always associated with scleral weakness. In this context, a strategy aimed at scleral reinforcement by transplanting connective tissue-supportive mesenchymal stem cells is an attractive approach that could yield effective and universal therapy. Sunlight exposure appears to have a protective effect against myopia. It is postulated that this effect is mediated via local ocular production of dopamine. With a variety of dopamine-producing cells already available for the treatment of Parkinson's disease, stem cells engineered for dopamine production could be used for the treatment of myopia. In this review, we further explore these concepts and present evidence from the literature to support the use of stem cell therapy for the treatment of myopia.
由于儿童的教育负担，近视在现代社会中的患病率有所上升。这种情况正在迅速增长，尤其是在亚洲国家，近视已经达到了大流行的程度。通常，近视发病时孩子的年龄越小，病情进展就越快，发展为已知的高度近视致盲并发症的可能性就越大。严重近视发病率的上升导致成年期眼部疾病的发生率增加，这常常使治疗过程变得复杂。目前，尚无预防近视进展的治疗方法。干细胞疗法有可能解决近视的两个问题。无论确切病因如何，近视总是与巩膜薄弱有关。在这种情况下，通过移植支持结缔组织的间充质干细胞来强化巩膜的策略是一种有吸引力的方法，有望产生有效且通用的治疗方法。阳光照射似乎对近视有保护作用。据推测，这种作用是通过眼部局部产生多巴胺来介导的。由于已经有多种产生多巴胺的细胞可用于治疗帕金森病，经过工程改造能产生多巴胺的干细胞可用于治疗近视。在这篇综述中，我们进一步探讨这些概念，并展示文献中的证据来支持使用干细胞疗法治疗近视。
