Hopf S, Pfeiffer N
Augenklinik und Poliklinik, Universitätsmedizin der Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131, Mainz, Deutschland.
Ophthalmologe. 2017 Jan;114(1):20-23. doi: 10.1007/s00347-016-0361-2.
Myopia is the most common cause for impaired vision in children and young adults with increasing tendency. Although myopia is hereditary, genetic findings do not explain the full extent of its recent increase. Epidemiologic studies are required to investigate the prevalence and incidence of this disease.
The prevalence, incidence and progression of myopia with its economic impact are emphasized to review the distribution and consequences of the development and progression of myopia.
A systematic literature search was conducted in MEDLINE.
The global prevalence of myopia is currently 28.3 % and is dramatically increasing. In 2050, half of the world population will be affected. Myopia starts earlier and exhibits a peak prevalence in young Asian adults. High myopia indicates a similar development. Interventions to slow the development and progression of myopia are strongly required due to the medical and socio-economic drawbacks for the individuals and for society.
Myopia is already a ubiquitous phenomenon in some parts of the world. One out of ten persons will be at a relevant risk of becoming blind as a result of myopia in the future. Preventive measures have not shown sweeping success.
近视是儿童和年轻人视力受损最常见的原因，且呈上升趋势。尽管近视具有遗传性，但基因研究结果并不能完全解释其近期增加的全部情况。需要开展流行病学研究来调查这种疾病的患病率和发病率。
强调近视的患病率、发病率和进展及其经济影响，以综述近视发展和进展的分布及后果。
在医学期刊数据库（MEDLINE）中进行了系统的文献检索。
目前全球近视患病率为28.3%，且正在急剧上升。到2050年，世界上一半的人口将受到影响。近视发病年龄提前，在亚洲年轻成年人中患病率达到峰值。高度近视呈现类似的发展趋势。由于近视给个人和社会带来的医学及社会经济弊端，迫切需要采取干预措施来减缓近视的发展和进展。
近视在世界某些地区已经是一种普遍现象。未来每十人中就有一人因近视而面临失明的相关风险。预防措施尚未取得全面成功。
