Sestak Karol, Thwin Hazel, Dufour Jason, Aye Pyone P, Liu David X, Moehs Charles P
Division of Microbiology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA 70433, USA.
Division of Veterinary Resources, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA 70433, USA.
Nutrients. 2015 Mar 6;7(3):1657-71. doi: 10.3390/nu7031657.
Celiac disease (CD) affects approximately 1% of the general population while an estimated additional 6% suffers from a recently characterized, rapidly emerging, similar disease, referred to as non-celiac gluten sensitivity (NCGS). The only effective treatment of CD and NCGS requires removal of gluten sources from the diet. Since required adherence to a gluten-free diet (GFD) is difficult to accomplish, efforts to develop alternative treatments have been intensifying in recent years. In this study, the non-human primate model of CD/NCGS, e.g., gluten-sensitive rhesus macaque, was utilized with the objective to evaluate the treatment potential of reduced gluten cereals using a reduced gluten (RG; 1% of normal gluten) barley mutant as a model. Conventional and RG barleys were used for the formulation of experimental chows and fed to gluten-sensitive (GS) and control macaques to determine if RG barley causes a remission of dietary gluten-induced clinical and immune responses in GS macaques. The impacts of the RG barley diet were compared with the impacts of the conventional barley-containing chow and the GFD. Although remission of the anti-gliadin antibody (AGA) serum responses and an improvement of clinical diarrhea were noted after switching the conventional to the RG barley diet, production of inflammatory cytokines, e.g., interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and interleukin-8 (IL-8) by peripheral CD4+ T helper lymphocytes, persisted during the RG chow treatment and were partially abolished only upon re-administration of the GFD. It was concluded that the RG barley diet might be used for the partial improvement of gluten-induced disease but its therapeutic value still requires upgrading-by co-administration of additional treatments.
乳糜泻（CD）影响着约1%的普通人群，而据估计，另有6%的人患有一种最近才被明确、迅速出现的类似疾病，即非乳糜泻麸质敏感（NCGS）。CD和NCGS唯一有效的治疗方法是从饮食中去除麸质来源。由于难以坚持无麸质饮食（GFD），近年来开发替代治疗方法的努力一直在加强。在本研究中，利用CD/NCGS的非人灵长类动物模型，即麸质敏感的恒河猴，以使用低麸质（RG；正常麸质的1%）大麦突变体作为模型来评估低麸质谷物的治疗潜力。使用传统大麦和RG大麦配制实验性食物，并喂给麸质敏感（GS）猕猴和对照猕猴，以确定RG大麦是否能使GS猕猴因饮食麸质引起的临床和免疫反应得到缓解。将RG大麦饮食的影响与传统含大麦食物和GFD的影响进行比较。尽管在将传统大麦饮食换成RG大麦饮食后，观察到抗麦醇溶蛋白抗体（AGA）血清反应有所缓解，临床腹泻也有所改善，但外周CD4 + T辅助淋巴细胞产生的炎性细胞因子，如干扰素-γ（IFN-γ）、肿瘤坏死因子（TNF）和白细胞介素-8（IL-8），在RG食物治疗期间持续存在，只有在重新给予GFD后才部分消除。得出的结论是，RG大麦饮食可能用于部分改善麸质引起的疾病，但其治疗价值仍需要通过联合其他治疗来提升。
