Bennet Scott A, Yiannakoulias Nikolaos
School of Geography and Earth Sciences, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
Accid Anal Prev. 2015 May;78:94-103. doi: 10.1016/j.aap.2015.03.001. Epub 2015 Mar 7.
We study motor-vehicle collisions involving child pedestrians walking to school in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada to understand and contrast collision risks at mid-block and intersection locations. We use a matched case-control study design and apply it to intersection and mid-block locations instead of people. Cases are intersections/mid-blocks where collisions occurred and controls are locations where collisions did not occur. We match cases to controls on geography, socio-economic status and year. We use conditional logistic regression to predict the log-odds of collision risk at intersections and mid-blocks as a function of various environmental measures while controlling for volume of child pedestrian activity. Our results suggest that child pedestrian injuries at intersections are associated with intersection control type, traffic volume, and land use characteristics. In contrast, mid-block child pedestrian collisions are not associated with small scale environmental features. The results of this study suggest that some factors associated with the risk of collision differ across location types. These findings may be useful in the planning of safer walking journeys to school.
我们研究了加拿大安大略省汉密尔顿市涉及步行上学儿童行人的机动车碰撞事故，以了解并对比街区中间位置和十字路口处的碰撞风险。我们采用匹配病例对照研究设计，并将其应用于十字路口和街区中间位置而非人群。病例是发生碰撞的十字路口/街区中间位置，对照是未发生碰撞的位置。我们根据地理位置、社会经济地位和年份将病例与对照进行匹配。我们使用条件逻辑回归来预测十字路口和街区中间位置碰撞风险的对数几率，将其作为各种环境指标的函数，同时控制儿童行人活动量。我们的结果表明，十字路口处儿童行人受伤与交叉路口控制类型、交通流量和土地利用特征有关。相比之下，街区中间位置的儿童行人碰撞事故与小规模环境特征无关。本研究结果表明，与碰撞风险相关的一些因素因位置类型而异。这些发现可能有助于规划更安全的步行上学路线。
