Di Rong, Tumer Nilgun E
Department of Plant Biology and Pathology, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, 59 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA.
Toxins (Basel). 2015 Mar 6;7(3):755-72. doi: 10.3390/toxins7030755.
Pokeweed antiviral protein (PAP) is a 29 kDa type I ribosome inactivating protein (RIP) found in pokeweed plants. Pokeweed produces different forms of PAP. This review focuses on the spring form of PAP isolated from Phytolacca americana leaves. PAP exerts its cytotoxicity by removing a specific adenine from the α-sarcin/ricin loop of the large ribosomal RNA. Besides depurination of the rRNA, PAP has additional activities that contribute to its cytotoxicity. The mechanism of PAP cytotoxicity is summarized based on evidence from the analysis of transgenic plants and the yeast model system. PAP was initially found to be anti-viral when it was co-inoculated with plant viruses onto plants. Transgenic plants expressing PAP and non-toxic PAP mutants have displayed broad-spectrum resistance to both viral and fungal infection. The mechanism of PAP-induced disease resistance in transgenic plants is summarized.
商陆抗病毒蛋白（PAP）是一种在商陆植物中发现的29 kDa的I型核糖体失活蛋白（RIP）。商陆产生不同形式的PAP。本综述重点关注从美洲商陆叶片中分离出的春季形式的PAP。PAP通过从大核糖体RNA的α-肌动蛋白/蓖麻毒素环中去除特定的腺嘌呤来发挥其细胞毒性。除了使rRNA脱嘌呤外，PAP还有其他有助于其细胞毒性的活性。基于对转基因植物和酵母模型系统分析的证据，总结了PAP细胞毒性的机制。PAP最初在与植物病毒共同接种到植物上时被发现具有抗病毒作用。表达PAP和无毒PAP突变体的转基因植物对病毒和真菌感染均表现出广谱抗性。总结了转基因植物中PAP诱导抗病性的机制。
