Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, Section of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, and ‡Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Milano Via Celoria 2, 20133 Milano, Italy.
J Agric Food Chem. 2013 Dec 26;61(51):12473-91. doi: 10.1021/jf404156x. Epub 2013 Dec 12.
Induction of plant defense(s) against pathogen challenge(s) has been the object of progressively more intense research in the past two decades. Insights on mechanisms of systemic acquired resistance (SAR) and similar, alternative processes, as well as on problems encountered on moving to their practical application in open field, have been carefully pursued and, as far as possible, defined. In reviewing the number of research works published in metabolomic, genetic, biochemical, and crop protection correlated disciplines, the following outline has been adopted: 1, introduction to the processes currently considered as models of the innate immunity; 2, primary signals, such as salicylic acid (SA), jasmonic acid (JA), and abscisic acid (ABA), involved with different roles in the above-mentioned processes; 3, long-distance signals, identified from petiole exudates as mobile signaling metabolites during expressed resistance; 4, exogenous inducers, including the most significant chemicals known to stimulate the plant resistance induction and originated from both synthetic and natural sources; 5, fungicides shown to act as stimulators of SAR in addition to their biocidal action; 6, elusive mechanism of priming, reporting on the most recent working hypotheses on the pretranscriptional ways through which treated plants may express resistance upon pathogen attack and how this resistance can be transmitted to the next generation; 7, fitness costs and benefits of SAR so far reported from field application of induced resistance; 8, factors affecting efficacy of induced resistance in the open field, indicating that forces, unrevealed under controlled conditions, may be operative in the field; 9, concluding remarks address the efforts required to apply the strategy of crop resistance induction according to the rules of integrated pest management.
在过去的二十年中，诱导植物抵御病原体攻击的防御机制一直是研究的热点。人们深入研究了系统性获得性抗性 (SAR) 和类似的替代过程的机制，以及在将其实际应用于野外时遇到的问题，并尽可能地加以明确。在回顾与代谢组学、遗传学、生物化学和作物保护相关学科发表的研究工作数量时，采用了以下大纲：1. 介绍目前被认为是先天免疫模型的过程；2. 初级信号，如水杨酸 (SA)、茉莉酸 (JA) 和脱落酸 (ABA)，在上述过程中发挥不同作用；3. 长距离信号，从叶柄渗出物中鉴定出来，作为表达抗性期间的移动信号代谢物；4. 外源诱导剂，包括已知最能刺激植物抗性诱导的化学物质，它们源自合成和天然来源；5. 杀菌剂除了具有杀菌作用外，还被证明能诱导 SAR；6. 关于处理过的植物在受到病原体攻击时可能通过转录前途径表达抗性的最新工作假设以及这种抗性如何传递给下一代的启动的难以捉摸的机制；7. 从田间应用诱导抗性中报告的 SAR 迄今为止的适应成本和收益；8. 影响田间诱导抗性效果的因素，表明在受控条件下未揭示的力量可能在田间起作用；9. 结论部分述了根据综合虫害管理规则应用作物抗性诱导策略所需的努力。
