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对一小群数量正在恢复的种群进行的详细监测揭示了疾病的亚致死效应以及与补充性喂食的意外相互作用。

Detailed monitoring of a small but recovering population reveals sublethal effects of disease and unexpected interactions with supplemental feeding.

作者信息

Tollington Simon, Greenwood Andrew, Jones Carl G, Hoeck Paquita, Chowrimootoo Aurélie, Smith Donal, Richards Heather, Tatayah Vikash, Groombridge Jim J

机构信息

Durrell Institute of Conservation and Ecology, University of Kent, Canterbury, CT2 7NZ, UK.

Mauritian Wildlife Foundation, Grannum Road, Vacoas, Mauritius.

出版信息

J Anim Ecol. 2015 Jul;84(4):969-77. doi: 10.1111/1365-2656.12348. Epub 2015 Mar 9.

Abstract

Infectious diseases are widely recognized to have substantial impact on wildlife populations. These impacts are sometimes exacerbated in small endangered populations, and therefore, the success of conservation reintroductions to aid the recovery of such species can be seriously threatened by outbreaks of infectious disease. Intensive management strategies associated with conservation reintroductions can further compound these negative effects in such populations. Exploring the sublethal effects of disease outbreaks among natural populations is challenging and requires longitudinal, individual life-history data on patterns of reproductive success and other indicators of individual fitness. Long-term monitoring data concerning detailed reproductive information of the reintroduced Mauritius parakeet (Psittacula echo) population collected before, during and after a disease outbreak was investigated. Deleterious effects of an outbreak of beak and feather disease virus (BFDV) were revealed on hatch success, but these effects were remarkably short-lived and disproportionately associated with breeding pairs which took supplemental food. Individual BFDV infection status was not predicted by any genetic, environmental or conservation management factors and was not associated with any of our measures of immune function, perhaps suggesting immunological impairment. Experimental immunostimulation using the PHA (phytohaemagglutinin assay) challenge technique did, however, provoke a significant cellular immune response. We illustrate the resilience of this bottlenecked and once critically endangered, island-endemic species to an epidemic outbreak of BFDV and highlight the value of systematic monitoring in revealing inconspicuous but nonetheless substantial ecological interactions. Our study demonstrates that the emergence of such an infectious disease in a population ordinarily associated with increased susceptibility does not necessarily lead to deleterious impacts on population growth and that negative effects on reproductive fitness can be short-lived.

摘要

传染病对野生动物种群具有重大影响,这一点已得到广泛认可。在小型濒危种群中,这些影响有时会加剧,因此,旨在帮助此类物种恢复的保护引种的成功可能会受到传染病爆发的严重威胁。与保护引种相关的强化管理策略可能会进一步加剧这些种群的负面影响。探索自然种群中疾病爆发的亚致死效应具有挑战性,需要关于繁殖成功率模式和个体适应性其他指标的纵向、个体生活史数据。我们研究了在疾病爆发之前、期间和之后收集的关于重新引入的毛里求斯鹦鹉(回声鹦鹉)种群详细繁殖信息的长期监测数据。结果显示,喙羽病病毒(BFDV)爆发对孵化成功率有有害影响,但这些影响非常短暂,且与接受补充食物的繁殖对不成比例地相关。个体的BFDV感染状况无法通过任何遗传、环境或保护管理因素预测,也与我们的任何免疫功能指标无关,这可能表明存在免疫损伤。然而,使用PHA(植物血凝素测定)激发技术进行的实验性免疫刺激确实引发了显著的细胞免疫反应。我们阐述了这种曾经极度濒危的岛屿特有物种在经历BFDV疫情爆发后的恢复能力,并强调了系统监测在揭示不明显但却十分重要的生态相互作用方面的价值。我们的研究表明,在通常易感性增加的种群中出现此类传染病不一定会对种群增长产生有害影响,而且对繁殖适应性的负面影响可能是短暂的。

https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/9680/5098166/3cb14380f9cb/JANE-84-969-g001.jpg

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