Guichard Y, Fontana C, Chavinier E, Terzetti F, Gaté L, Binet S, Darne C
Institut National de Recherche et de Sécurité (INRS), Vandoeuvre Cedex, France
Institut National de Recherche et de Sécurité (INRS), Vandoeuvre Cedex, France.
Toxicol Ind Health. 2016 Sep;32(9):1639-50. doi: 10.1177/0748233715572562. Epub 2015 Mar 10.
The nature of occupational risks and hazards in industries that produce or use synthetic amorphous silica (SAS) nanoparticles is still under discussion. Manufactured SAS occur in amorphous form and can be divided into two main types according to the production process, namely, pyrogenic silica (powder) and precipitated silica (powder, gel or colloid). The physical and chemical properties of SAS may vary in terms of particle size, surface area, agglomeration state or purity, and differences in their toxicity potential might therefore be expected. The aim of this study was to compare the cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of representative manufactured SAS samples in Chinese hamster lung fibroblasts (V79 cells). Five samples from industrial SAS producers were evaluated, that is, two pyrogenic SAS powders (with primary particle sizes of 20 nm and 25/70 nm), one precipitated SAS powder (20 nm) and two precipitated SAS colloids (15 and 40/80 nm). V79 cell cultures were treated with different concentrations of SAS pre-dispersed in bovine serum albumin -water medium. Pyr (pyrogenic) 20, Pre (precipitated) 20 and Col (colloid) 15 significantly decreased the cell viability after 24 h of exposure, whilst Pyr 25/70 and Col 40/80 had negligible effects. The cytotoxicity of Pyr 20, Pre 20 and Col 15 was revealed by the induction of apoptosis, and Pyr 20 and Col 15 also produced DNA damage. However, none of the SAS samples generated intracellular reactive oxidative species, micronuclei or genomic mutations in V79 cells after 24 h of exposure. Overall, the results of this study show that pyrogenic, precipitated and colloidal manufactured SAS of around 20 nm primary particle size can produce significant cytotoxic and genotoxic effects in V79 cells. In contrast, the coarser-grained pyrogenic and colloid SAS (approximately 50 nm) yielded negligible toxicity, despite having been manufactured by same processes as their finer-grained equivalents. To explain these differences, the influence of particle agglomeration and oxidative species formation is discussed.
生产或使用合成无定形二氧化硅（SAS）纳米颗粒的行业中职业风险和危害的性质仍在讨论之中。人造SAS以无定形形式存在，根据生产工艺可分为两种主要类型，即热解二氧化硅（粉末）和沉淀二氧化硅（粉末、凝胶或胶体）。SAS的物理和化学性质可能在粒径、表面积、团聚状态或纯度方面有所不同，因此它们的潜在毒性可能存在差异。本研究的目的是比较代表性人造SAS样品对中国仓鼠肺成纤维细胞（V79细胞）的细胞毒性和遗传毒性。评估了来自工业SAS生产商的五个样品，即两种热解SAS粉末（初级粒径分别为20纳米和25/70纳米）、一种沉淀SAS粉末（20纳米）和两种沉淀SAS胶体（15纳米和40/80纳米）。用预先分散在牛血清白蛋白 - 水培养基中的不同浓度的SAS处理V79细胞培养物。热解（Pyr）20、沉淀（Pre）20和胶体（Col）15在暴露24小时后显著降低了细胞活力，而Pyr 25/70和Col 40/80的影响可忽略不计。Pyr 20、Pre 20和Col 15的细胞毒性通过诱导凋亡得以揭示，并且Pyr 20和Col 15还造成了DNA损伤。然而，在暴露24小时后，没有一个SAS样品在V79细胞中产生细胞内活性氧化物质、微核或基因组突变。总体而言，本研究结果表明，初级粒径约为20纳米的热解、沉淀和胶体人造SAS可在V79细胞中产生显著的细胞毒性和遗传毒性作用。相比之下，尽管粗粒度的热解和胶体SAS（约50纳米）与细粒度的同类产品采用相同的工艺制造，但其毒性可忽略不计。为了解释这些差异，讨论了颗粒团聚和氧化物质形成的影响。
