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跨感觉和在感觉内的时间再现:检验起博器-计数器模型的超模式属性。

Temporal reproduction within and across senses: Testing the supramodal property of the pacemaker-counter model.

机构信息

Department of Psychology.

出版信息

J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform. 2019 Sep;45(9):1218-1235. doi: 10.1037/xhp0000667. Epub 2019 Jun 20.

Abstract

The human ability to compare time between sensory modalities implies a supramodal representation of time. This notion is consistent with the pacemaker-counter model (PCM), the core architecture of prominent timing theories. Some theorists, however, have promoted modality-specific timing mechanisms, which might hamper crossmodal temporal comparison. This study tested whether PCM is sufficient to account for intra- as well as crossmodal timing. To account for modality-specific timing differences, we proceeded from the common assumption that the pacemaker runs faster for auditory than for visual stimuli. Participants reproduced short and long standards (800 vs. 2,400 ms) by terminating a comparison stimulus. In Experiment 1, in each trial the sensory modalities (auditory vs. visual) of the standard and the comparison were the same (congruent) or different (incongruent). PCM implies that timing performance depends on modality order. However, there should be virtually no congruency effects on overall performance. Although the results largely matched the predictions of PCM, there were substantial congruency effects on reproduction variability especially in the subsecond range. Three intramodal control experiments, however, showed that similar congruency effects can be observed when the standard and the comparison differ in intramodal characteristics. This suggests that temporal representations are not isolated from nontemporal stimulus characteristics, even when these are subtle and within the same modality. The present results can be interpreted as evidence for sensory timing within the subsecond range. Nevertheless, we used computer simulations to evaluate extensions of PCM that could account for the present result pattern, while retaining PCM's supramodal property. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).

摘要

人类在不同感觉模态之间比较时间的能力意味着时间的超模态表示。这一概念与主导定时理论的核心架构——节拍器-计数器模型(PCM)一致。然而,一些理论家提倡特定于模态的定时机制,这可能会阻碍跨模态的时间比较。本研究检验了 PCM 是否足以解释内模态和跨模态的定时。为了解释特定于模态的定时差异,我们从一个常见的假设出发,即节拍器对于听觉刺激的运行速度快于视觉刺激。参与者通过终止比较刺激来复制短标准和长标准(800 毫秒与 2400 毫秒)。在实验 1 中,在每个试验中,标准和比较的感觉模态(听觉与视觉)相同(一致)或不同(不一致)。PCM 意味着定时性能取决于模态顺序。然而,在整体表现上,几乎没有一致性效应。尽管结果在很大程度上符合 PCM 的预测,但在再现变异性方面存在实质性的一致性效应,特别是在亚秒范围内。然而,三个内模态控制实验表明,当标准和比较在内在模态特征上不同时,也可以观察到类似的一致性效应。这表明,即使这些特征是微妙的且属于同一模态,时间表示也不会与非时间刺激特征隔离。目前的结果可以被解释为亚秒范围内的感觉定时的证据。然而,我们使用计算机模拟来评估可以解释当前结果模式的 PCM 的扩展,同时保留 PCM 的超模态属性。

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