Eronen-Rasimus Eeva, Lyra Christina, Rintala Janne-Markus, Jürgens Klaus, Ikonen Vilma, Kaartokallio Hermanni
Marine Research Centre, Finnish Environment Institute (SYKE), Erik Palménin aukio 1, PO Box 140, Helsinki 00251, Finland Tvärminne Zoological Station, University of Helsinki, J.A. Palménin tie 260, FI-10900 Hanko, Finland
Department of Food and Environmental Sciences, PO Box 56, Viikinkaari 9, FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland.
FEMS Microbiol Ecol. 2015 Feb;91(2):1-13. doi: 10.1093/femsec/fiu022. Epub 2014 Dec 8.
Drift ice, open water and under-ice water bacterial communities covering several developmental stages from open water to thick ice were studied in the northern Baltic Sea. The bacterial communities were assessed with 16S rRNA gene terminal-restriction fragment length polymorphism and cloning, together with bacterial abundance and production measurements. In the early stages, open water and pancake ice were dominated by Alphaproteobacteria and Actinobacteria, which are common bacterial groups in Baltic Sea wintertime surface waters. The pancake ice bacterial communities were similar to the open-water communities, suggesting that the parent water determines the sea-ice bacterial community in the early stages of sea-ice formation. In consolidated young and thick ice, the bacterial communities were significantly different from water bacterial communities as well as from each other, indicating community development in Baltic Sea drift ice along with ice-type changes. The thick ice was dominated by typical sea-ice genera from classes Flavobacteria and Gammaproteobacteria, similar to those in polar sea-ice bacterial communities. Since the thick ice bacterial community was remarkably different from that of the parent seawater, results indicate that thick ice bacterial communities were recruited from the rarer members of the seawater bacterial community.
在波罗的海北部，对覆盖从开阔水域到厚冰几个发育阶段的流冰、开阔水域和冰下水域细菌群落进行了研究。利用16S rRNA基因末端限制性片段长度多态性和克隆技术，结合细菌丰度和生产力测量，对细菌群落进行了评估。在早期阶段，开阔水域和饼状冰以变形菌门和放线菌为主，它们是波罗的海冬季表层水域常见的细菌类群。饼状冰细菌群落与开阔水域群落相似，这表明母水体在海冰形成的早期阶段决定了海冰细菌群落。在固结的年轻冰和厚冰中，细菌群落与水体细菌群落以及彼此之间都有显著差异，这表明波罗的海流冰中的群落随着冰型变化而发展。厚冰以黄杆菌纲和γ-变形菌纲的典型海冰属为主导，类似于极地海冰细菌群落中的情况。由于厚冰细菌群落与母海水的群落明显不同，结果表明厚冰细菌群落是从海水细菌群落中较罕见的成员中招募而来的。
