J Acad Nutr Diet. 2015 Jul;115(7):1102-8. doi: 10.1016/j.jand.2015.01.001. Epub 2015 Mar 10.
Participation in the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) has been shown to increase food security, or access to adequate food; however, SNAP participation has also been associated with obesity among certain demographic groups (eg, women, but not men and children), possibly due to poorer dietary quality. Depressive symptomatology is an understudied factor, which is associated with obesity across the lifespan.
This study examined the relationship between depressive symptomatology, dietary quality, and body weight among a sample of SNAP participants (n=639).
The analysis was cross-sectional; survey data were collected in May to December 2011 by trained data collectors.
PARTICIPANTS/SETTING: Adults who self-identified as the primary food shopper of the household in two predominantly low-income African-American neighborhoods characterized as "food deserts" in Pittsburgh, PA, were recruited to participate in this study.
Dietary quality was calculated using the US Department of Agriculture's Healthy Eating Index-2005. Body mass index (BMI; calculated as kg/m(2)) was based on objective measurements taken by the interviewer. Current depressive symptomatology was assessed by a trained interviewer using the Patient Health Questionnaire-2.
Descriptive statistics (means and percentages); two multivariate ordinary least-square regression analyses predicting BMI and dietary quality from depressive symptomatology while controlling for sociodemographic factors and food insecurity were performed.
Depression was a strong and statistically significant predictor of both dietary quality and BMI; higher score in depressive symptomatology was associated with lower scores in dietary quality (β=-1.26; P<0.0001). A higher score in depressive symptomatology was associated with higher BMI (β=.63; P=0.0031).
These findings show that depressive symptomatology is significantly associated with weight-related outcomes and suggests that understanding the risk of depression among SNAP participants could be important to understanding the relationships among SNAP participation, diet, and weight. The association between depressive symptomology, elevated BMI, and lower dietary quality among low-income, primarily African-American residents living in a food desert suggests the potential for mental health interventions to have broader benefits in this population. However, the directionality of this association is unclear and improving diet and reducing weight might also improve mental health symptoms. Additional longitudinal studies should assess these possibilities.
参与补充营养援助计划（SNAP）已被证明可以增加食品安全，或获得足够的食物；然而，SNAP 的参与也与某些人群（例如女性，但不是男性和儿童）的肥胖有关，这可能是由于饮食质量较差。抑郁症状是一个研究不足的因素，它与整个生命周期的肥胖有关。
本研究调查了 SNAP 参与者样本中抑郁症状、饮食质量和体重之间的关系（n=639）。
分析是横断面的；调查数据于 2011 年 5 月至 12 月由经过培训的数据收集员收集。
参与者/设置：在宾夕法尼亚州匹兹堡的两个以非洲裔美国人为主的低收入社区中，招募那些自我认同为家庭主要食品购物者的成年人参与这项研究。这两个社区被描述为“食物沙漠”。
使用美国农业部的健康饮食指数-2005 计算饮食质量。体重指数（BMI；根据采访者进行的客观测量得出）。使用经过培训的采访者使用患者健康问卷-2 评估当前的抑郁症状。
描述性统计（平均值和百分比）；进行了两项多元普通最小二乘回归分析，从抑郁症状预测 BMI 和饮食质量，同时控制社会人口因素和粮食不安全。
抑郁是饮食质量和 BMI 的强有力且具有统计学意义的预测因素；抑郁症状评分越高，饮食质量评分越低（β=-1.26；P<0.0001）。抑郁症状评分越高，BMI 越高（β=.63；P=0.0031）。
这些发现表明，抑郁症状与体重相关的结果显著相关，这表明了解 SNAP 参与者的抑郁风险对于理解 SNAP 参与、饮食和体重之间的关系可能很重要。在食物沙漠中生活的低收入、主要是非洲裔美国居民中，抑郁症状、升高的 BMI 和较低的饮食质量之间的关联表明，心理健康干预可能对这一人群有更广泛的益处。然而，这种关联的方向性尚不清楚，改善饮食和减轻体重也可能改善心理健康症状。应进行更多的纵向研究来评估这些可能性。
