Orrevall Ylva
Department of Learning, Informatics, Management and Ethics, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden.
Nutrition. 2015 Apr;31(4):615-6. doi: 10.1016/j.nut.2014.12.004. Epub 2014 Dec 12.
For patients with cancer at the end of life the goal of nutritional care is to optimize quality of life and comfort. Food and drink should be served as requested by the patient but without exerting pressure. For patients who have developed cachexia and are potentially candidates to receive artificial nutrition, discussions between the patient, family and health care team are needed to set the goals of nutritional care, considering both the risk of adverse effects of the treatment and ethical issues. The premise for a benefit from parenteral nutrition is that survival of the tumor spread exceeds that of starvation (usually by about 2-3 months).
对于临终癌症患者，营养护理的目标是优化生活质量和舒适度。应按患者要求提供食物和饮品，但不要施加压力。对于已出现恶病质且可能适合接受人工营养的患者，患者、家属和医疗团队需要进行讨论，以设定营养护理目标，同时考虑治疗的不良反应风险和伦理问题。肠外营养有益的前提是肿瘤扩散后的生存期超过饥饿生存期（通常约为2至3个月）。
