Iwasaki Akiko, Medzhitov Ruslan
Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.
Nat Immunol. 2015 Apr;16(4):343-53. doi: 10.1038/ni.3123.
Microbial infections are recognized by the innate immune system both to elicit immediate defense and to generate long-lasting adaptive immunity. To detect and respond to vastly different groups of pathogens, the innate immune system uses several recognition systems that rely on sensing common structural and functional features associated with different classes of microorganisms. These recognition systems determine microbial location, viability, replication and pathogenicity. Detection of these features by recognition pathways of the innate immune system is translated into different classes of effector responses though specialized populations of dendritic cells. Multiple mechanisms for the induction of immune responses are variations on a common design principle wherein the cells that sense infections produce one set of cytokines to induce lymphocytes to produce another set of cytokines, which in turn activate effector responses. Here we discuss these emerging principles of innate control of adaptive immunity.
微生物感染可被先天性免疫系统识别，从而引发即时防御并产生持久的适应性免疫。为了检测并应对种类繁多的病原体，先天性免疫系统使用了几种识别系统，这些系统依赖于感知与不同类微生物相关的共同结构和功能特征。这些识别系统可确定微生物的位置、活力、复制及致病性。先天性免疫系统的识别途径对这些特征的检测，通过树突状细胞的特定亚群转化为不同类型的效应反应。诱导免疫反应的多种机制基于一个共同的设计原则，即感知感染的细胞产生一组细胞因子，以诱导淋巴细胞产生另一组细胞因子，进而激活效应反应。在此，我们讨论适应性免疫先天性调控的这些新出现的原则。
