Turk J Med Sci. 2015;45(1):1-5. doi: 10.3906/sag-1411-37.
Ebola virus disease (EVD) was defined first in 1976. Since then, more than 24 epidemics have been reported from Africa, predominantly with the Zaire species. On 21 March 2014, the current West Africa outbreak was reported by the World Health Organization, the largest one ever recorded. The Congo epidemic was reported in July 2014. It was considered that the two epidemics had unrelated origins with 96.8% identical genomic sequence of the virus. EVD outbreaks occurred in areas with limited resources but it has a potentially global effect due to the possibility of imported infection and the potential misuse of the virus as a bioweapon agent. Although EVD is a zoonotic disease with the reservoir of fruit bats, human-to-human transmission is essential in the spread of the infection. The case-fatality rate of EVD was reported as 70.8%. There is no approved prophylaxis, effective treatment, or licensed vaccine. Early diagnosis and isolation of the patients, contact tracing, appropriate use of personal protective equipment, and adherence to the guidance for safe funeral practices constitute the essential requirements to control the epidemics. This article provides a review of the literature regarding the characteristics and management of EVD outbreak.
埃博拉病毒病（EVD）于 1976 年首次定义。自那时以来，非洲已报告了 24 次以上的疫情，主要是扎伊尔型。2014 年 3 月 21 日，世界卫生组织报告了当前的西非疫情，这是有史以来规模最大的一次。刚果疫情于 2014 年 7 月报告。据认为，这两次疫情的起源无关，病毒的基因组序列有 96.8%相同。埃博拉疫情发生在资源有限的地区，但由于输入性感染的可能性以及病毒被滥用作生物武器制剂的可能性，可能会产生潜在的全球影响。尽管埃博拉病毒病是一种具有果蝠储存宿主的人畜共患病，但人际传播是感染传播的必要因素。埃博拉病毒病的病死率为 70.8%。目前尚无批准的预防措施、有效治疗方法或许可疫苗。早期诊断和隔离患者、接触者追踪、适当使用个人防护设备以及遵守安全丧葬实践指南，是控制疫情的基本要求。本文综述了有关埃博拉病毒病疫情特征和管理的文献。
