Deshpande Swapna N, Pfefferbaum Betty, Allen Sandra F, Smith Laura B
J Okla State Med Assoc. 2014 Sep-Oct;107(9-10):501-6.
Children are especially vulnerable to the effects of disasters. The coming tornado season raises concerns about enduring problems and anniversary reactions related to the May 2013 tornadoes as well as anxiety about the possibility of new events.
This article describes common emotional and behavioral disaster reactions in children and also identifies reactions unique to a particular age. Reactions are clustered into depressive, anxious, and behavioral symptoms and physiological responses.
This article outlines the key elements in assessing children's disaster reactions and provides specific recommendations for situations that would indicate the need for a mental health evaluation such as for directly-exposed children, children who experience disaster-related losses, those with pre-existing vulnerabilities, and those with significant symptoms.
Primary care physicians can help identify the emotional and behavioral effects of disasters in children, educate parents to recognize children's reactions, and refer children in need of specialized care.
儿童尤其容易受到灾难影响。即将到来的龙卷风季节引发了人们对与2013年5月龙卷风相关的持久问题和周年反应的担忧，以及对新事件可能性的焦虑。
本文描述了儿童常见的情绪和行为灾难反应，并确定了特定年龄段特有的反应。反应分为抑郁、焦虑和行为症状以及生理反应。
本文概述了评估儿童灾难反应的关键要素，并针对一些情况提供了具体建议，这些情况表明需要进行心理健康评估，例如直接暴露于灾难的儿童、经历与灾难相关损失的儿童、有既往易损性的儿童以及有明显症状的儿童。
初级保健医生可以帮助识别灾难对儿童的情绪和行为影响，教育家长认识儿童的反应，并将需要特殊护理的儿童转诊。
