Hill Mathew, Pereira Christopher, Talbot Chris, Oxford Sam, Price Mike
Sport, Exercise and Life Sciences, University of Northampton, Boughton Green Road, Northampton, NN2 7AL, UK,
Exp Brain Res. 2015 Jun;233(6):1801-9. doi: 10.1007/s00221-015-4252-6. Epub 2015 Mar 20.
Current evidence suggests that acute bouts of lower limb exercise elicits a number of adverse effects on both sensory and motor components of postural control. The effects of acute exercise on quiet standing balance while concurrently performing an attentional task remains equivocal. This study aimed to compare the alterations in postural control and attentional demands elicited by upper and lower limb exercise. Twelve healthy young males (mean ± SD age, 22.2 ± 3.2 years) were examined on six separate occasions. The first two visits determined maximal aerobic fitness on an arm crank ergometer (ACE) and cycle ergometer (CYC). Subsequently, participant's postural sway was assessed during single- (ST) and dual-task (DT) conditions before and immediately after moderate- and high-intensity exercise engaging the upper or lower body musculature. The order of the four exercise tests was counterbalanced. The centre of pressure displacement in the anteroposterior (COPAP) and mediolateral (COPML) directions and the COP path length (COPL) were computed using a force platform. A time × mode interaction was observed for COPAP (ST; p = 0.011, DT; p = 0.018) and COPML (ST; p = 0.001). CYC elicited large (ES; 1.6-2.0) increases in COPAP and COPML, but there were no differences between aerobic and anaerobic tests (p > 0.05). The effect of cognitive load appeared to increase sway in the frontal plane following anaerobic CYC (p = 0.001) but not ACE (p < 0.05). Exercise has different effects on frontal and sagittal plane sway following different cognitive loads. In particular, COPML was increased at the cost of maintaining attentional performance following exercise.
目前的证据表明，下肢的急性运动发作会对姿势控制的感觉和运动成分产生一些不利影响。急性运动对安静站立平衡的影响，同时执行一项注意力任务，仍然存在争议。本研究旨在比较上肢和下肢运动引起的姿势控制和注意力需求的变化。12名健康年轻男性（平均±标准差年龄，22.2±3.2岁）在六个不同场合接受检查。前两次就诊在手臂曲柄测力计（ACE）和自行车测力计（CYC）上测定最大有氧适能。随后，在中等强度和高强度运动参与上半身或下半身肌肉组织之前和之后，在单任务（ST）和双任务（DT）条件下评估参与者的姿势摆动。四项运动测试的顺序是平衡的。使用力平台计算前后（COPAP）和内外侧（COPML）方向的压力中心位移以及COP路径长度（COPL）。观察到COPAP（ST；p = 0.011，DT；p = 0.018）和COPML（ST；p = 0.001）存在时间×模式交互作用。CYC引起COPAP和COPML大幅增加（效应量；1.6 - 2.0），但有氧和无氧测试之间没有差异（p > 0.05）。认知负荷的影响似乎在无氧CYC后增加了额平面的摆动（p = 0.001），但ACE后没有增加（p < 0.05）。不同认知负荷下，运动对额平面和矢状面摆动有不同影响。特别是，运动后COPML增加是以维持注意力表现为代价的。
