Hill M W, Oxford S W, Duncan M J, Price M J
Sport, Exercise and Life Sciences, University of Northampton, Boughton Green Road, Northampton NN2 7AL, UK.
Department of Biomolecular and Sport Sciences, Coventry University, Priory Street, Coventry CV1 5FB, UK.
Gait Posture. 2015 Jan;41(1):252-7. doi: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2014.10.014. Epub 2014 Oct 23.
Older adults are increasingly being encouraged to exercise but this may lead to muscle fatigue, which can adversely affect postural stability. Few studies have investigated the effects of upper body exercise on postural sway in groups at risk of falling, such as the elderly. The purpose of this study was to compare the effects arm crank ergometry (ACE), cycle ergometry (CE) and treadmill walking (TM) on postural sway in healthy older females. In addition, this study sought to determine the time necessary to recover postural control after exercise. A total of nine healthy older females participated in this study. Participants stood on a force platform to assess postural sway which was measured by displacement of the centre of pressure before and after six separate exercise trials. Each participant completed three incremental exercise tests to 85% of individual's theoretical maximal heart rate (HRMAX) for ACE, CE and TM. Subsequent tests involved 20-min of ACE, CE and TM exercise at a relative workload corresponding to 50% of each individual's predetermined heart rate reserve (HRE). Post fatigue effects and postural control recovery were measured at different times after exercise (1, 3, 5, 10, 15 and 30-min). None of the participants exhibited impaired postural stability after ACE. In contrast, CE and TM elicited significant post exercise balance impairments, which lasted for ∼ 10 min post exercise. We provide evidence of an exercise mode which does not elicit post exercise balance impairments. Older adults should exercise caution immediately following exercise engaging the lower limbs to avoid fall risk.
老年人越来越多地被鼓励进行锻炼，但这可能会导致肌肉疲劳，进而对姿势稳定性产生不利影响。很少有研究调查上身运动对有跌倒风险人群（如老年人）姿势摆动的影响。本研究的目的是比较手臂曲柄测力计运动（ACE）、自行车测力计运动（CE）和跑步机行走（TM）对健康老年女性姿势摆动的影响。此外，本研究还试图确定运动后恢复姿势控制所需的时间。共有九名健康老年女性参与了本研究。参与者站在测力平台上，通过六个单独运动试验前后压力中心的位移来评估姿势摆动。每位参与者针对ACE、CE和TM完成了三次递增运动测试，达到个人理论最大心率（HRMAX）的85%。随后的测试包括在相当于每位参与者预定心率储备（HRE）50%的相对工作量下进行20分钟的ACE、CE和TM运动。在运动后的不同时间（1、3、5、10、15和30分钟）测量疲劳后效应和姿势控制恢复情况。ACE运动后，没有参与者表现出姿势稳定性受损。相比之下，CE和TM运动后引发了明显的平衡损伤，且在运动后持续约10分钟。我们提供了一种不会引发运动后平衡损伤的运动模式的证据。老年人在进行涉及下肢的运动后应立即谨慎行事，以避免跌倒风险。
