Dover Geoffrey, Amar Vanessa
Department of Exercise Science, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
J Athl Train. 2015 Jun;50(6):634-42. doi: 10.4085/1062-6050-49.3.75. Epub 2015 Mar 20.
The fear-avoidance model was developed in an attempt to explain the process by which "pain experience" and "pain behavior" become dissociated from the actual pain sensation in individuals who manifest the phenomenon of exaggerated pain perception. High levels of fear avoidance can lead to chronic pain and disability and have successfully predicted rehabilitation time in the work-related-injury population. Existing fear-avoidance questionnaires have all been developed for the general population, but these questionnaires may not be specific enough to fully assess fear avoidance in an athletic population that copes with pain differently than the general population.
To develop and validate the Athlete Fear Avoidance Questionnaire (AFAQ).
Qualitative research to develop the AFAQ and a cross-sectional study to validate the scale.
For questionnaire development, a total of 8 experts in the fields of athletic therapy, sport psychology, and fear avoidance were called upon to generate and rate items for the AFAQ. For determining concurrent validity, 99 varsity athletes from various sports participated.
A total of 99 varsity athletes completed the AFAQ, the Fear-Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire, and the Pain Catastrophizing Scale. We used Pearson correlations to establish concurrent validity.
Concurrent validity was established with significant correlations between the AFAQ and the Fear Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire-Physical Activity (r = 0.352, P > .001) as well as with the Pain Catastrophizing Scale (r = 0.587, P > .001). High internal consistency of our questionnaire was established with a Cronbach α coefficient of 0.805. The final version of the questionnaire includes 10 items with good internal validity (P < .05).
We developed a questionnaire with good internal and external validity. The AFAQ is a scale that measures sport-injury-related fear avoidance in athletes and could be used to identify potential psychological barriers to rehabilitation.
恐惧回避模型的提出旨在解释在表现出夸大疼痛感知现象的个体中，“疼痛体验”和“疼痛行为”如何与实际疼痛感觉相分离的过程。高度的恐惧回避会导致慢性疼痛和残疾，并已成功预测了工伤人群的康复时间。现有的恐惧回避问卷都是针对普通人群开发的，但这些问卷可能不够具体，无法全面评估与普通人群应对疼痛方式不同的运动员群体中的恐惧回避情况。
开发并验证运动员恐惧回避问卷（AFAQ）。
开发AFAQ的定性研究和验证该量表的横断面研究。
为了开发问卷，共邀请了8位运动治疗、运动心理学和恐惧回避领域的专家为AFAQ生成并评定条目。为了确定同时效度，99名来自不同运动项目的大学生运动员参与其中。
99名大学生运动员完成了AFAQ、恐惧回避信念问卷和疼痛灾难化量表。我们使用Pearson相关性来建立同时效度。
通过AFAQ与恐惧回避信念问卷 - 身体活动（r = 0.352，P >.001）以及与疼痛灾难化量表（r = 0.587，P >.001）之间的显著相关性建立了同时效度。我们的问卷具有较高的内部一致性，Cronbach α系数为0.805。问卷的最终版本包括10个条目，具有良好的内部效度（P <.05）。
我们开发了一份具有良好内部和外部效度的问卷。AFAQ是一种测量运动员与运动损伤相关的恐惧回避的量表，可用于识别康复的潜在心理障碍。
