Department of Physical Education, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, São Luís, MA, Brazil.
Postgraduate Program in Programs Management and Health Services, Universidade Ceuma, São Luís, MA, Brazil.
BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2022 Nov 10;23(1):974. doi: 10.1186/s12891-022-05951-0.
Psychological factors play an important role in the adequate return of an athlete to sport. Our aim was to perform the translation, cross-cultural adaptation, and validation of the Athlete Fear Avoidance Questionnaire (AFAQ) into Brazilian Portuguese.
We performed the translation and cross-cultural adaptation and evaluated the structural validity, construct validity, and test-retest reliability. In addition to the AFAQ, we used the Numerical Pain Scale (NPS), Pain-Related Catastrophizing Thoughts Scale (PCTS), Self-Estimated Functional Inability because of Pain Questionnaire for athletes (SEFIP-sport), and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). We used the exploratory factor analysis (EFA) to analyze the internal structure of the AFAQ. We used the Spearman's correlation coefficient (rho) to determine the magnitude of correlation between the AFAQ and the other instruments. We evaluated the test-retest reliability and internal consistency by means of intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and Cronbach's alpha, respectively.
No adaptation was necessary to produce the AFAQ version in Brazilian Portuguese. We included 160 participants in the study. We identified the one-dimensionality of the AFAQ through the EFA with the implementation of parallel analysis (KMO = 0.83, p < 0.001 in Bartlett's Sphericity test). In construct validity, the magnitudes of correlation between the AFAQ and the other instruments ranged from 0.257 to 0.548. We identified adequate reliability (ICC = 0.85) and internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = 0.90).
The Brazilian version of the AFAQ with one domain and 10 items has adequate measurement properties in injured professional and recreational athletes.
心理因素在运动员充分回归运动中起着重要作用。我们的目的是将运动员恐惧回避问卷（AFAQ）翻译、跨文化调适并验证为巴西葡萄牙语。
我们进行了翻译和跨文化调适，并评估了结构效度、构念效度和重测信度。除了 AFAQ，我们还使用了数字疼痛量表（NPS）、疼痛相关灾难化思维量表（PCTS）、运动员疼痛自我估计功能障碍问卷（SEFIP-sport）和医院焦虑抑郁量表（HADS）。我们使用探索性因子分析（EFA）来分析 AFAQ 的内部结构。我们使用 Spearman 相关系数（rho）来确定 AFAQ 与其他工具之间的相关性大小。我们通过组内相关系数（ICC）和 Cronbach 的 alpha 分别评估重测信度和内部一致性。
无需进行任何调整即可生成巴西葡萄牙语版本的 AFAQ。我们纳入了 160 名参与者。我们通过平行分析（KMO=0.83，Bartlett 球形检验 p<0.001）确定了 AFAQ 的一维性。在构念效度方面，AFAQ 与其他工具之间的相关系数大小范围为 0.257 至 0.548。我们发现具有足够的可靠性（ICC=0.85）和内部一致性（Cronbach 的 alpha=0.90）。
具有一个维度和 10 个项目的巴西版 AFAQ 在受伤的职业和娱乐运动员中具有足够的测量属性。
