Seegar William S, Yates Michael A, Doney Gregg E, Jenny J Peter, Seegar Tom C M, Perkins Christopher, Giovanni Matthew
Earthspan, 105B Robes Harbor Ct, Oxford, MD, 21654, USA,
Ecotoxicology. 2015 Jul;24(5):1102-11. doi: 10.1007/s10646-015-1450-8. Epub 2015 Mar 21.
Monitoring internal crude oil exposure can assist the understanding of associated risks and impacts, as well as the effectiveness of restoration efforts. Under the auspices of a long-term monitoring program of Tundra Peregrine Falcons (Falco peregrinus tundrius) at Assateague (Maryland) and South Padre Islands (Texas), we measured the 16 parent (unsubstituted) polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), priority pollutants identified by the United States Environmental Protection Agency and components of crude oil, in peripheral blood cells of migrating Peregrine Falcons from 2009 to 2011. The study was designed to assess the spatial and temporal trends of crude oil exposure associated with the 2010 Deepwater Horizon (DWH) oil spill which started 20 April 2010 and was capped on 15 July of that year. Basal PAH blood distributions were determined from pre-DWH oil spill (2009) and unaffected reference area sampling. This sentinel species, a predator of shorebirds and seabirds during migration, was potentially exposed to residual oil from the spill in the northern Gulf of Mexico. Results demonstrate an increased incidence (frequency of PAH detection and blood concentrations) of PAH contamination in 2010 fall migrants sampled along the Texas Gulf Coast, declining to near basal levels in 2011. Kaplan-Meier peak mean ∑PAH blood concentration estimates varied with age (Juveniles-16.28 ± 1.25, Adults-5.41 ± 1.10 ng/g, wet weight) and PAHs detected, likely attributed to the discussed Tundra Peregrine natural history traits. Increased incidence of fluorene, pyrene and anthracene, with the presence of alkylated PAHs in peregrine blood suggests an additional crude oil source after DWH oil spill. The analyses of PAHs in Peregrine Falcon blood provide a convenient repeatable method, in conjunction with ongoing banding efforts, to monitoring crude oil contamination in this avian predator.
监测内部原油暴露情况有助于了解相关风险与影响，以及恢复工作的成效。在对位于阿萨蒂格岛（马里兰州）和南帕德里岛（得克萨斯州）的苔原矛隼（Falco peregrinus tundrius）开展的一项长期监测计划的支持下，我们于2009年至2011年期间，对迁徙中的苔原矛隼外周血细胞中的16种母体（未取代）多环芳烃（PAHs）进行了测量，这些多环芳烃是美国环境保护局认定的优先污染物，也是原油的成分。该研究旨在评估与2010年4月20日开始并于当年7月15日封堵的“深水地平线”（DWH）漏油事件相关的原油暴露的时空趋势。基础PAH血液分布是根据DWH漏油事件之前（2009年）以及未受影响的参考区域采样确定的。这种哨兵物种在迁徙期间是滨鸟和海鸟的捕食者，有可能接触到墨西哥湾北部漏油事件的残留油污。结果表明，2010年在得克萨斯州墨西哥湾沿岸采样的秋季迁徙鸟类中，PAH污染的发生率（PAH检测频率和血液浓度）有所增加，到2011年降至接近基础水平。卡普兰-迈耶峰值平均∑PAH血液浓度估计值随年龄（幼鸟-16.28±1.25，成鸟-5.41±1.10纳克/克，湿重）和检测到的PAHs而有所不同，这可能归因于上述讨论的苔原矛隼的自然历史特征。芴、芘和蒽的发生率增加，且矛隼血液中存在烷基化PAHs，这表明DWH漏油事件之后存在额外的原油来源。对矛隼血液中的PAHs进行分析，结合正在进行的环志工作，提供了一种方便且可重复的方法，用于监测这种鸟类捕食者中的原油污染情况。
