Laenen Jolien, Roelants Mathieu, Devlieger Roland, Vandermeulen Corinne
KU Leuven, University of Leuven, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Leuven University Vaccinology Center (LUVAC), B-3000 Leuven, Belgium.
KU Leuven, University of Leuven, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Centre for Environment and Health, Youth Health Care, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium.
Vaccine. 2015 Apr 27;33(18):2125-31. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.03.020. Epub 2015 Mar 18.
Pregnant women have an increased risk for complications and hospitalizations when infected with the influenza virus in the second or third trimester. Additionally, infants under six months of age are most vulnerable when contracting pertussis. Immunization against influenza and pertussis during pregnancy provides protection for mother and neonate against influenza and for neonates against pertussis pending protection through infant immunization. In Belgium, a gradual increase in pertussis cases over the past decade was observed. This study was undertaken to document vaccination coverage for influenza and pertussis and factors related to vaccination status in pregnant women.
Two hundred and fifty pregnant women completed a questionnaire during their third trimester. Vaccination data were collected and reasons for non-vaccination were noted as well as socio-demographic data which are known to influence vaccination coverage.
A documented vaccination coverage of 42.8% for influenza and 39.2% for pertussis was observed. Taking into account doses which were not documented, but administered according to the expectant mother, coverage for influenza would increase to 62% and for pertussis to 46%. The most important reasons for non-vaccination were the absence of a recommendation by medical staff (9.6%) and delay in vaccination (8.4%). The GP was the most important vaccinator. Pregnant women with a lower education and those with a foreign origin were more vulnerable for non-vaccination.
Incomplete documentation is the most important barrier in determining the vaccination status of pregnant women. Immunization during pregnancy needs further integration through vaccination campaigns aimed at both health care providers and pregnant women.
妊娠中期或晚期感染流感病毒的孕妇出现并发症和住院的风险增加。此外，6个月以下婴儿感染百日咳时最为脆弱。孕期接种流感疫苗和百日咳疫苗可保护母亲和新生儿免受流感侵袭，并在婴儿接种疫苗提供保护之前保护新生儿免受百日咳侵害。在比利时，过去十年中观察到百日咳病例逐渐增加。本研究旨在记录孕妇流感疫苗和百日咳疫苗的接种覆盖率以及与接种状况相关的因素。
250名孕妇在妊娠晚期完成了一份问卷。收集了疫苗接种数据，记录了未接种疫苗的原因以及已知会影响疫苗接种覆盖率的社会人口学数据。
流感疫苗接种记录覆盖率为42.8%，百日咳疫苗接种记录覆盖率为39.2%。考虑到未记录但根据准妈妈情况已接种的剂量，流感疫苗接种覆盖率将增至62%，百日咳疫苗接种覆盖率将增至46%。未接种疫苗的最重要原因是医务人员未给出建议（9.6%）和疫苗接种延迟（8.4%）。全科医生是最重要的疫苗接种者。受教育程度较低和有外国血统的孕妇未接种疫苗的可能性更大。
记录不完整是确定孕妇疫苗接种状况的最重要障碍。孕期免疫需要通过针对医疗保健提供者和孕妇的疫苗接种活动进一步整合。
