Henri P, Ospital R, Teissié Justin
CNRS UMR5089 - IPBS (Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale), 205 Route de Narbonne, BP 64182, 31077, Toulouse, France.
J Membr Biol. 2015 Oct;248(5):849-55. doi: 10.1007/s00232-015-9789-6. Epub 2015 Mar 22.
Lipidic nanovesicles (the so-called liposomes) were among the one of the earliest forms of nanovectors. One of their limits was our lack of knowledge on the delivery pathway of their content to the target cell cytoplasm. In most models, it appears to be linked to endocytotic transfer. Their direct content delivery can be enhanced by electric field pulses applied to a cell liposomes mixture. The optimal form for liposomes was shown to be large unilamellar vesicles (LUV). The present communication describes an optimization to enhance the delivery. When lipidic nanovesicles (LUVs) are electrostatically brought in contact with electropermeabilized cells by a salt bridge, their content is delivered into the cytoplasm of electropermeabilized cells. The PEF parameters are selected to affect specifically the cells leaving the vesicles unaffected. Cell viability is positively affected by the treatment. High-field short pulses are more efficient than low-field long pulses. A homogeneous cytoplasm labeling is observed under digitized videomicroscopy. The process is a content mixing, not an endocytotic pathway. The lipidic composition of the LUV should contain charged lipids (phosphatidylserine), fusion promoting lipids (phosphatidylethanolamine), and cholesterol.
脂质纳米囊泡（即所谓的脂质体）是最早的纳米载体形式之一。它们的局限性之一在于我们对其内容物向靶细胞细胞质的递送途径缺乏了解。在大多数模型中，这似乎与内吞转运有关。通过对细胞 - 脂质体混合物施加电场脉冲，可以增强它们的直接内容物递送。脂质体的最佳形式被证明是大单层囊泡（LUV）。本通讯描述了一种增强递送的优化方法。当脂质纳米囊泡（LUV）通过盐桥与电穿孔细胞静电接触时，其内容物被递送到电穿孔细胞的细胞质中。选择脉冲电场（PEF）参数以特异性地影响细胞，而使囊泡不受影响。该处理对细胞活力有积极影响。高场短脉冲比低场长脉冲更有效。在数字化视频显微镜下观察到均匀的细胞质标记。该过程是内容物混合，而不是内吞途径。LUV的脂质组成应包含带电荷的脂质（磷脂酰丝氨酸）、促进融合的脂质（磷脂酰乙醇胺）和胆固醇。
