专题综述：家庭应对儿童创伤：一种自然观察法
Topical Review: Families Coping With Child Trauma: A Naturalistic Observation Methodology.
作者信息
Alisic Eva, Barrett Anna, Bowles Peter, Conroy Rowena, Mehl Matthias R
机构信息
Monash Injury Research Institute, Monash University, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Melbourne,
Monash Injury Research Institute, Monash University.
出版信息
J Pediatr Psychol. 2016 Jan-Feb;41(1):117-27. doi: 10.1093/jpepsy/jsv016. Epub 2015 Mar 21.
OBJECTIVE
To introduce a novel, naturalistic observational methodology (the Electronically Activated Recorder; EAR) as an opportunity to better understand the central role of the family environment in children's recovery from trauma.
METHODS
Discussion of current research methods and a systematic literature review of EAR studies on health and well-being.
RESULTS
Surveys, experience sampling, and the EAR method each provide different opportunities and challenges for studying family interactions. We identified 17 articles describing relevant EAR studies. These investigated questions of emotional well-being, communicative behaviors, and interpersonal relationships, predominantly in adults. 5 articles reported innovative research in children, triangulating EAR-observed behavioral data (e.g., on child conflict at home) with neuroendocrine assay, sociodemographic information, and parent report. Finally, we discussed psychometric, practical, and ethical considerations for conducting EAR research with children and families.
CONCLUSIONS
Naturalistic observation methods such as the EAR have potential for pediatric psychology studies regarding trauma and the family environment.
目的
介绍一种新颖的自然主义观察方法（电子激活记录仪；EAR），以此作为更好地理解家庭环境在儿童创伤恢复中核心作用的契机。
方法
讨论当前的研究方法，并对EAR在健康与幸福方面的研究进行系统的文献综述。
结果
调查、经验抽样和EAR方法在研究家庭互动方面各有不同的机遇与挑战。我们识别出17篇描述相关EAR研究的文章。这些文章主要在成年人中调查了情绪幸福、沟通行为和人际关系等问题。5篇文章报告了在儿童方面的创新性研究，将EAR观察到的行为数据（如在家中的儿童冲突）与神经内分泌测定、社会人口统计学信息及家长报告进行了三角互证。最后，我们讨论了对儿童和家庭开展EAR研究时在心理测量、实践和伦理方面的考量。
结论
诸如EAR这样的自然主义观察方法在有关创伤和家庭环境的儿科心理学研究中具有潜力。
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