Hutz R J, Carvan M J, Larson J K, Liu Q, Stelzer R V, King-Heiden T C, Baldridge M G, Shahnoor N, Julien K
Department of Biological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee (UWM), Milwaukee, WI, USA ; School of Freshwater Sciences, UWM, Milwaukee, WI, USA ; Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Physiology, and Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA ; Wisconsin National Primate Research Center (WNPRC), University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA.
Department of Biological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee (UWM), Milwaukee, WI, USA ; School of Freshwater Sciences, UWM, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
Curr Trends Endocinol. 2014;7:111-122.
Environmental contaminants are known to exert endocrine-disrupting effects on the reproductive axis of animals. Many of these molecules can affect steroid biosynthesis or estrogen-receptor signaling by behaving as estrogen-like molecules ("xenoestrogens"), or by exerting estrogenmodulatory effects. Exposure to some compounds has been correlated with the skewing of sex ratios in aquatic species, feminization and demasculinization of male animals, declines in human sperm counts, and overall diminution in fertility of birds, fish, and mammals. We herein devote space to several classes of endocrine-disrupting compounds (EDCs), including estrogenic substances such as bisphenol A (BPA), molecules that can behave at times anti-estrogenically while activating the aromatic hydrocarbon receptor (AHR), such as dioxins (a known human carcinogen), and novel, ubiquitous molecules such as nanoparticles, particularly gold nanoparticles (GNPs), that appear to alter the sexsteroid biosynthetic pathway.
已知环境污染物会对动物的生殖轴产生内分泌干扰效应。这些分子中的许多都可以通过充当雌激素样分子（“外源性雌激素”）或发挥雌激素调节作用来影响类固醇生物合成或雌激素受体信号传导。接触某些化合物与水生物种性别比例失衡、雄性动物雌性化和去雄性化、人类精子数量下降以及鸟类、鱼类和哺乳动物的总体生育力降低有关。我们在此专门介绍几类内分泌干扰化合物（EDC），包括双酚A（BPA）等雌激素物质、有时在激活芳烃受体（AHR）时表现出抗雌激素作用的分子，如二恶英（一种已知的人类致癌物），以及新型的、普遍存在的分子，如纳米颗粒，特别是金纳米颗粒（GNP），它们似乎会改变性类固醇生物合成途径。
