Caria Andrea, de Falco Simona
Institut für Medizinische Psychologie und Verhaltensneurobiologie, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen Tübingen, Germany ; Fondazione Ospedale San Camillo IRCCS Venezia, Italy.
Department of Psychology and Cognitive Science, University of Trento Rovereto, Italy.
Front Behav Neurosci. 2015 Mar 6;9:38. doi: 10.3389/fnbeh.2015.00038. eCollection 2015.
Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) comprise a heterogeneous set of neurodevelopmental disorders characterized by dramatic impairments of interpersonal behavior, communication, and empathy. Recent neuroimaging studies suggested that ASD are disorders characterized by widespread abnormalities involving distributed brain network, though clear evidence of differences in large-scale brain network interactions underlying the cognitive and behavioral symptoms of ASD are still lacking. Consistent findings of anterior insula cortex hypoactivation and dysconnectivity during tasks related to emotional and social processing indicates its dysfunctional role in ASD. In parallel, increasing evidence showed that successful control of anterior insula activity can be attained using real-time fMRI paradigms. More importantly, successful regulation of this region was associated with changes in behavior and brain connectivity in both healthy individuals and psychiatric patients. Building on these results we here propose and discuss the use of real-time fMRI neurofeedback in ASD aiming at improving emotional and social behavior.
自闭症谱系障碍（ASD）是一组异质性神经发育障碍，其特征为人际行为、沟通和同理心的显著受损。最近的神经影像学研究表明，ASD是一种以涉及分布式脑网络的广泛异常为特征的疾病，尽管仍缺乏明确证据证明在ASD的认知和行为症状背后的大规模脑网络相互作用存在差异。在与情绪和社交处理相关的任务中，前脑岛皮层激活不足和连接障碍的一致发现表明其在ASD中发挥功能失调的作用。与此同时，越来越多的证据表明，使用实时功能磁共振成像范式可以成功控制前脑岛活动。更重要的是，该区域的成功调节与健康个体和精神疾病患者的行为和脑连接变化有关。基于这些结果，我们在此提出并讨论在ASD中使用实时功能磁共振成像神经反馈以改善情绪和社交行为。
