Kuhn John E, Lebus V George F, Bible Jesse E
J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 2015 Apr;23(4):222-32. doi: 10.5435/JAAOS-D-13-00215.
Thoracic outlet syndrome is a well-described disorder caused by thoracic outlet compression of the brachial plexus and/or the subclavian vessels. Neurogenic thoracic outlet syndrome is the most common manifestation, presenting with pain, numbness, tingling, weakness, and vasomotor changes of the upper extremity. Vascular complications of thoracic outlet syndrome are uncommon and include thromboembolic phenomena and swelling. The clinical presentation is highly variable, and no reproducible study exists to confirm the diagnosis; instead, the diagnosis is based on a physician's judgment after a meticulous history and physical examination. Both nonsurgical and surgical treatment methods are available for thoracic outlet syndrome. Whereas nonsurgical management appears to be effective in some persons, surgical treatment has been shown to provide predictable long-term cure rates for carefully selected patients. In addition, physicians who do not regularly treat patients with thoracic outlet syndrome may not have an accurate view of this disorder, its treatment, or the possible success rate of treatment.
胸廓出口综合征是一种已被充分描述的疾病，由臂丛神经和/或锁骨下血管在胸廓出口处受压引起。神经源性胸廓出口综合征是最常见的表现形式，表现为上肢疼痛、麻木、刺痛、无力以及血管舒缩改变。胸廓出口综合征的血管并发症并不常见，包括血栓栓塞现象和肿胀。其临床表现高度多变，且不存在可重复性的研究来确诊；相反，诊断是基于医生在详细询问病史和进行体格检查后的判断。胸廓出口综合征有非手术和手术两种治疗方法。虽然非手术治疗在一些人身上似乎有效，但手术治疗已被证明能为精心挑选的患者提供可预测的长期治愈率。此外，不经常治疗胸廓出口综合征患者的医生可能对这种疾病、其治疗方法或治疗可能的成功率没有准确的认识。
