Godinho Valéria M, Gonçalves Vívian N, Santiago Iara F, Figueredo Hebert M, Vitoreli Gislaine A, Schaefer Carlos E G R, Barbosa Emerson C, Oliveira Jaquelline G, Alves Tânia M A, Zani Carlos L, Junior Policarpo A S, Murta Silvane M F, Romanha Alvaro J, Kroon Erna Geessien, Cantrell Charles L, Wedge David E, Duke Stephen O, Ali Abbas, Rosa Carlos A, Rosa Luiz H
Departamento de Microbiologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, CEP 31270-901, Brazil.
Extremophiles. 2015 May;19(3):585-96. doi: 10.1007/s00792-015-0741-6. Epub 2015 Mar 26.
We surveyed the diversity and capability of producing bioactive compounds from a cultivable fungal community isolated from oligotrophic soil of continental Antarctica. A total of 115 fungal isolates were obtained and identified in 11 taxa of Aspergillus, Debaryomyces, Cladosporium, Pseudogymnoascus, Penicillium and Hypocreales. The fungal community showed low diversity and richness, and high dominance indices. The extracts of Aspergillus sydowii, Penicillium allii-sativi, Penicillium brevicompactum, Penicillium chrysogenum and Penicillium rubens possess antiviral, antibacterial, antifungal, antitumoral, herbicidal and antiprotozoal activities. Bioactive extracts were examined using (1)H NMR spectroscopy and detected the presence of secondary metabolites with chemical shifts. Our results show that the fungi present in cold-oligotrophic soil from Antarctica included few dominant species, which may have important implications for understanding eukaryotic survival in cold-arid oligotrophic soils. We hypothesize that detailed further investigations may provide a greater understanding of the evolution of Antarctic fungi and their relationships with other organisms described in that region. Additionally, different wild pristine bioactive fungal isolates found in continental Antarctic soil may represent a unique source to discover prototype molecules for use in drug and biopesticide discovery studies.
我们调查了从南极大陆贫营养土壤中分离出的可培养真菌群落产生生物活性化合物的多样性和能力。共获得115株真菌分离物，并鉴定为曲霉属、德巴利酵母属、枝孢属、假裸囊菌属、青霉属和肉座菌目的11个分类单元。该真菌群落显示出低多样性和丰富度以及高优势度指数。米曲霉、葱青霉、短密青霉、产黄青霉和鲁宾逊青霉的提取物具有抗病毒、抗菌、抗真菌、抗肿瘤、除草和抗原生动物活性。使用核磁共振氢谱对生物活性提取物进行检测，并通过化学位移检测次生代谢产物的存在。我们的结果表明，南极冷贫营养土壤中的真菌包括少数优势物种，这可能对理解真核生物在寒冷干旱贫营养土壤中的生存具有重要意义。我们推测，进一步的详细研究可能会让我们更好地了解南极真菌的进化及其与该地区其他生物的关系。此外，在南极大陆土壤中发现的不同野生原始生物活性真菌分离物可能是发现用于药物和生物农药发现研究的原型分子的独特来源。
