Laboratório de Microbiologia Polar e Conexões Tropicais, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, P. O. Box 486, Belo Horizonte, MG, CEP 31270-901, Brazil.
Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual do Paraná, Campus Paranaguá, Paranaguá, PR, Brazil.
Extremophiles. 2024 Oct 15;28(3):46. doi: 10.1007/s00792-024-01363-1.
We isolated and characterized the community of cultivable fungi associated with marine macroalgae present in the Magellan sub-Antarctic straits and the South Shetland Islands, Maritime Antarctica, and evaluated their production of bioactive metabolites. A total of 201 filamentous fungal isolates were obtained. The genera Antarctomyces, Pseudogymnoascus, Microdochium, Trichoderma, Cladosporium, Penicillium, Neoascochyta, Entomortierella and Linnemannia were associated with Antarctic macroalgae, with Neoascochyta paspali being the most abundant taxon. In contrast, 12 taxa representing Cadophora, Microdochium, Penicillium, Pseudogymnoascus were associated with macroalgae from the Magellan sub-Antarctic, with Penicillium dominating the assemblages. The diversity indices of the fungal communities associated with macroalgae in the two regions were similar. Among 177 fungal extracts assessed for metabolite production, 31 (17.5%) showed strong phytotoxic activity and 17 (9.6%) showed anti-Trypanosoma cruzi activity. Penicillium showed the highest phytotoxic and anti-Trypanosoma activity values. The detection of taxa in common between the polar and cold temperate zones reinforces the need for further investigations of the distribution of species in these distinct ecoregions. The detection of bioactive extracts produced particularly by Penicillium representatives reinforces the potential to obtain active molecules that can be explored as natural products or as sources of bioactive compounds with application in agriculture and biomedicine.
我们从麦哲伦海峡和南设得兰群岛、南极洲海域的海洋大型藻类中分离和鉴定了与它们共生的可培养真菌群落，并评估了它们生物活性代谢产物的产生情况。共获得了 201 株丝状真菌分离株。与南极大型藻类共生的真菌属包括 Antarctomyces、Pseudogymnoascus、Microdochium、Trichoderma、Cladosporium、Penicillium、Neoascochyta、Entomortierella 和 Linnemannia，其中 Neoascochyta paspali 是最丰富的分类群。相比之下，与麦哲伦海峡的南极藻类共生的真菌有 12 个分类群，代表 Cadophora、Microdochium、Penicillium、Pseudogymnoascus，其中 Penicillium 占主导地位。两个地区大型藻类共生真菌群落的多样性指数相似。在评估代谢产物产生的 177 个真菌提取物中，有 31 个（17.5%）具有很强的植物毒性活性，17 个（9.6%）具有抗 Trypanosoma cruzi 活性。Penicillium 表现出最高的植物毒性和抗 Trypanosoma 活性值。在极地和冷温带之间共同发现的分类群，这加强了需要进一步调查这些不同生态区物种的分布情况。检测到生物活性提取物主要由 Penicillium 代表产生，这加强了获得可以作为天然产物或作为具有农业和生物医学应用的生物活性化合物来源的活性分子的潜力。
