Keflie Tibebe Seyoum, Ameni Gobena
Ethiopian Society of Tropical and Infectious Diseases, Ethiopia ; Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia ; College of Medicine and Health Sciences of Mada Walabu University, Ethiopia.
Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia.
Pan Afr Med J. 2014 Oct 16;19:162. doi: 10.11604/pamj.2014.19.162.3658. eCollection 2014.
Tuberculosis causes illness among millions of people each year and ranks as the second leading cause of death from infectious disease worldwide. The aim of this study was to investigate the detection rate of microscopic examination and estimate risk of transmission of TB by smear negative pulmonary TB patients.
A cross-sectional study and retrospective data analysis on TB were undertaken in Northwest Shewa, Ethiopia. Microscopic examination, bacterial culture and PCR were performed. The statistical analysis was made by using STATA software version 10.
A total of 92 suspected TB cases was included in the study. Of these, 27.17% (25/92) were positive for microscopic examination and 51% (47/92) for culture. The sensitivity and specificity of microscopic examination with 95% CI were 48.94% (34.08% to 63.93%) and 95.56% (84.82 to 99.33%), respectively. The positive and negative predictive values were 92% (73.93% to 98.78%) and 64.18% (51.53% to 75.53%), respectively. Of 8150 pulmonary TB cases in the retrospective study, 58.9% was smear negative. The proportion of TB-HIV co-infection was 28.66% (96/335).
The sensitivity of microscopic examination was 48.94% which was very low. The poor sensitivity of this test together with the advent of HIV/AIDS elevated the prevalence of smear negative pulmonary TB. This in turn increased the risk of TB transmission.
结核病每年导致数百万人患病，是全球传染病致死的第二大主要原因。本研究的目的是调查显微镜检查的检出率，并评估涂片阴性肺结核患者的结核传播风险。
在埃塞俄比亚西北部的舍瓦进行了一项关于结核病的横断面研究和回顾性数据分析。进行了显微镜检查、细菌培养和聚合酶链反应。使用STATA软件版本10进行统计分析。
该研究共纳入92例疑似结核病例。其中，显微镜检查阳性率为27.17%（25/92），培养阳性率为51%（47/92）。显微镜检查的敏感性和特异性及95%置信区间分别为48.94%（34.08%至63.93%）和95.56%（84.82至99.33%）。阳性预测值和阴性预测值分别为92%（73.93%至98.78%）和64.18%（51.53%至75.53%）。在回顾性研究的8150例肺结核病例中，58.9%为涂片阴性。结核合并艾滋病病毒感染的比例为28.66%（96/335）。
显微镜检查的敏感性为48.94%，非常低。该检测的低敏感性以及艾滋病病毒/艾滋病的出现提高了涂片阴性肺结核的患病率。这反过来又增加了结核传播的风险。
