Shigidi Mazin, Mohammed Osama, Ibrahim Mohammed, Taha Elshafie
Faculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, Sudan.
Renal Unit, Khartoum Teaching Hospital, Sudan.
Pan Afr Med J. 2014 Oct 16;19:163. doi: 10.11604/pamj.2014.19.163.3740. eCollection 2014.
In Africa and Asia hair dye is applied together with henna to decorate the hands and feet. Paraphenylene-diamine (PPD), a highly toxic constituent of hair dye can lead to acute kidney injury (AKI).
A cohort study was conducted during the period from April 2012 to March 2013 in Khartoum Teaching Hospital, Sudan. It targeted adults presenting acutely with an evident history and clinical features of hair dye poisoning, together with AKI as per the RIFLE criteria. Analysis of data was done using SPSS.
30 adults were included, their mean age was 25.6 ± 4.2 years, 93.3% were females. Exposure to PPD was suicidal in 86.7%. The mean duration to onset of renal symptoms was 34.8 ± 7.6 hours, maximum median serum creatinine was 8.6 ± 2.3 mg/dl, 86.7% had loss of kidney function as per the RIFLE classification and required dialysis. Initial renal recovery was seen after a mean duration of 9.8 ± 2.2 days. One patient died, 3.3%; all others, 96.7%, recovered normal kidney function. The amount of ingested PPD correlated significantly to the severity of symptoms, number of dialysis sessions required and time for renal recovery with P values < 0.05.
Hair dye poisoning was associated with prolonged hospital stay, requirement of dialysis and increased morbidity. The severity of symptoms directly correlates to the dose of PPD ingested, with the kidney damage being reversible in almost all survivors.
在非洲和亚洲，染发剂与指甲花一起用于装饰手脚。对苯二胺（PPD）是染发剂的一种剧毒成分，可导致急性肾损伤（AKI）。
2012年4月至2013年3月在苏丹喀土穆教学医院进行了一项队列研究。研究对象为急性出现染发剂中毒明显病史和临床特征且符合RIFLE标准的急性肾损伤成人。使用SPSS进行数据分析。
纳入30名成人，平均年龄为25.6±4.2岁，93.3%为女性。86.7%的PPD暴露是自杀性的。肾症状出现的平均时间为34.8±7.6小时，血清肌酐最高中位数为8.6±2.3mg/dl，根据RIFLE分类，86.7%的患者出现肾功能丧失并需要透析。平均9.8±2.2天后出现初始肾脏恢复。1例患者死亡，占3.3%；其他所有患者，占96.7%，恢复了正常肾功能。摄入的PPD量与症状严重程度、所需透析次数和肾脏恢复时间显著相关，P值<0.05。
染发剂中毒与住院时间延长、需要透析和发病率增加有关。症状严重程度与摄入的PPD剂量直接相关，几乎所有幸存者的肾损伤都是可逆的。
