The Lipid Research Laboratory, Rambam Health Care Campus, The Rappaport Faculty of Medicine and Research Institute, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel.
Food Funct. 2015 May;6(5):1496-509. doi: 10.1039/c4fo00998c.
Hydrolysable tannin polyphenols in pomegranate and phenolic acids in date fruit and seeds are potent antioxidants and anti-atherogenic agents, and thus, in the present study we investigated the possible benefits of combining them in vivo in atherosclerotic apolipoprotein E KO (E(0)) mice, compared with the individual fruit. In vitro studies revealed that the date seed extract contains more polyphenols than Amari or Hallawi date extracts, and possesses a most impressive free radical scavenging capacity. Similarly, pomegranate juice (PJ), punicalagin, punicalain, gallic acid, and urolithins A and B are very potent antioxidants. E(0) mice consumed 0.5 μmol gallic acid equivalents (GAE) per mouse per day of PJ, Hallawi extract, date seed extract, or a combination for 3 weeks. Consumption of the combination was the most potent treatment, as it decreased serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels, and increased serum paraoxonase 1 (PON1) activity. Consumption of the combination also significantly reduced mouse peritoneal macrophage (MPM) oxidative stress, MPM cholesterol content, and MPM LDL uptake. Finally, the lipid peroxide content in the aortas of the mice significantly decreased, and the PON lactonase activity of the aortas increased after treatment with the combination. We thus conclude that consumption of pomegranate, together with date fruit and date seeds, has the most beneficial anti-atherogenic effects on E(0) mice serum, macrophages, and aortas, probably due to their unique and varied structures.
石榴中的可水解单宁多酚和枣果及枣核中的酚酸是强效的抗氧化剂和抗动脉粥样硬化剂，因此，在本研究中，我们研究了将它们在体内结合使用对动脉粥样硬化载脂蛋白 E 基因敲除（E(0)）小鼠的可能益处，与单独食用水果相比。体外研究表明，枣核提取物比阿曼或哈瓦利枣提取物含有更多的多酚，具有令人印象深刻的自由基清除能力。同样，石榴汁（PJ）、安石榴甙、诃子酸、没食子酸和尿石素 A 和 B 都是非常有效的抗氧化剂。E(0) 小鼠每天每只消耗 0.5 μmol 没食子酸当量（GAE）的 PJ、哈瓦利提取物、枣核提取物或三者组合，持续 3 周。组合的食用效果最为显著，因为它降低了血清胆固醇和甘油三酯水平，并增加了血清对氧磷酶 1（PON1）的活性。组合的食用还显著降低了小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞（MPM）的氧化应激、MPM 胆固醇含量和 MPM 对 LDL 的摄取。最后，组合处理后，小鼠主动脉中的脂质过氧化物含量显著降低，主动脉中的 PON 内酯酶活性增加。因此，我们得出结论，食用石榴，同时食用枣果和枣核，对 E(0) 小鼠的血清、巨噬细胞和主动脉具有最有益的抗动脉粥样硬化作用，这可能归因于它们独特而多样的结构。
